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biology
study cards
38 cards·by faith
what is the cell theory?
it identifies all living things as being cells and that all cells come from pre-existing
cells. cells are the basic building units of life
describe prokaryotic
they are simple cells, examples are bacteria, they also have no membrane bound organelles
describe Eukaryotic
they are complex cells, examples are plant, animal, fungi, they have many membrane bound
organelles
what are organelles?
a type of cell
what does the nucleus do?
it is the control centre of the cell, contains the DNA
what is the job of the mitochondria?
it creates energy through cellular respiration, it is in plant and animal cells.
describe chloroplasts.
they are in plants and are green. they create glucose for respiration and storage.
what do lysosomes do?
they are sacs filled with enzymes and are used to destroy unwanted material
what are vacuoles used for?
they are used to store cell products. large plant cell vacuoles store water and nutrients.
what is the golgi body?
it is packaging material used for export to and around the cell
what is the function of cytosol?
it is used to transport products around the cell through STREAMING.
what are the two types of Endoplasmic reticulum? describe them.
The rough er is near the nucleus and has attached ribosomes and is of a rough appearance. The
smooth er, makes lipids and looks smooth
what is the membrane (plasma membrane) made from?
lipids, proteins, cholesterol and carbohydrates
what is the order of organization?
cell - tissue - organ - system - organism
what does a plant cell consist of?
nucleus, cell wall, vacuole, cytoplasm, chloroplast
what is in animal cells?
nucleus, plasma membrane, lysosomes, mitochondria
describe passive transport
there are two types- diffusion and osmosis; it does not require energy
describe active transport
it has active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis; requires energy
describe diffusion
it is the net movemnet of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration
what is net movement?
it is the balance of concentration
what does equilibrium mean?
it is achieved when the molecules are the same on both sides of the membrane
when is active transport used, via protein channels
when molecules are too large to passively move or when they are going against concentration
what is exocytosis?
the movement of large substances out of the cell
what is endocytosis?
movement of large substances into the cell
what are the two types of endocytosis? describe them.
phagocytosis- bulk movement of solid substances. pinocytosis- bulk movement of liquids
what is cellular respiration?
a chemical reaction that produces energy for cells. it happens in the mitochondria.
what does cellular respiration involve?
the breakdown of glucose into a useable form of energy, ATP.
what is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 02 ----> CO2 + H20
what is the energy of cellular respiration used for?
active transport, muscle contractions, digestive tract, making cell products, making new
tissues.
what is ATP?
A high energy compound and is major source of energy for many functions in the human body
what is photosynthesis?
radiant light energy from the sun being converted into chemical energy needed by plants to
give energy.
what are carbohydrates?
a source of energy which turns to ATP energy for cellular respiration
what does an increase in light mean?
an increase in photosynthesis
where does photosynthesis occur?
in the green of plants(chlorophyll) known as the cytoplasm, within in these there are special
organelles called chloroplasts.
what is the chemical reaction of photosynthesis?
CO2 + H2O ---> 02 + C6H12O6
What is happening to the light energy in photosynthesis?
its transformed from light energy and without this there is no oxygen or food.
what are examples of autotrophs?
plants, algei and protists
what is the thylaktoid?
its where photosynthesis is happening