Geology 1- Minerals

First Geo exam

23 cards·by shutch21

Study this deck

What are the 4 most common elements in Planet Earth?

Iron, Oxygen, Silicon, Magnesium

4 Sphere of the Earth System?

Biosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere

2 elements in earths Crust

Oxygen, Silicon

Gas giant planet

Large, low density. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Terrestrial Planet

Small, dense, rocky. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth

Mineral Definition- 5 parts

Naturally Occuring, Crystalline solid, formed geologically, definite chemical composition, mostly inorganic.

Glass- mineral?

No crystalline structure

Rock candy a mineral?

Not formed geologically

Element

Material consisting of all one kind of atom. can be subdivided or changed by chemical reaction

Ionic Bond

Bond with a positive or negative charge

Covalent bond

Bond where atoms are share. Strongest bond

Van Der Waal Bond

Slight imbalance in bond, has polarity. Weakest bond

2 Ways minerals form

Biomineralization: living organisms produce minerals from hardening tissue. Solidification from a melt- freezing of a liquid, like ice cryst

Which class is the "rock forming" mineral

Silicates

Building block of silicate minerals?

Negatively charged ion, made of oxygen, silicon,a nd bonded with other atoms. Silicon oxygen tetrahedron

Independant tetrahedral

bond to other atoms, not to other tetrahedrals. Olivine

Single Chain Tetrahedral

single chain of tetrahedron, break at a right angle. Pyroxenes

Double Chains

Multiple chains onnected, oxygen bonded up and down and side to side. Dont break easily, bulky to move. Amphiboles

Sheet structure

Flat sheets of linked tetrahedra. One direction of perfect cleavage. Bonds to other metals. Cut in sheets-mica

Framework Structure

Connected in 3D, oxygens on outsides connect to other elements. Forms crystals, stiff. Feldspar, quartz

Carbonate Minerals

Rocks containing calite or dolomite

Most common Carbonate

Calcite- comes from shells

Mineral that is neithe silicate nor carbonate

Magnatite