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Reconstruction pg 20-38
141 cards·by Hark
In what type of work did women replace men in
factory, clerical
In what profession did more women enter
teaching
area in which women had the biggest impact
medicine
When northern free blacks tried to volunteer in 1861, who rejected the idea
democratic party
The decision to allow black men to fight was
pragmatism
in what year were the first black regiments organized
1862
what were the first black regiments only used for
labor
How many acres of land did the homestead act give settlers
160
what were three acts which were part of the blueprint of modern america
homestead act, morill land grant college act, pacific railway act
What was the Homestead Act attempting to do
attempting to continue to establish the West during war
what did settlers have to do if they wanted land from the homestead act
had to live on it 5 years and make improvements
what year was the homestead act passed
1862
what year was the morill land grant college act passed
1862
what year was the pacific railway act passed
1862
what did the morill land grant college act do
each state granted thousands of acres of land to fund the establishment of colleges
what did the morill land grant make colleges teach
agricultural, mechanical science
what did the pacific railway act do
granted land and loans to rr companies to build transcontinental rr from omaha to sacremento
how many acres of land in total did the pacific railway act give away
120 million
what was the 54th massachusetts
1st black regiment raised in the N
who led the 54th massachusetts
COl. Robert Gould Shaw
what was the 54th Massachusetts celebrated for
celebrated for bravery and sacrifice for their fighting at fort wagner
what did the 13th amendment do
abolished slavery
what year was the 13th amendment passed
1865
what was andersonville
confederate prison
what did andersonville not have
huts or tents
what was the maximum capacity of andersonville, how many were actually housed there by aug.
1864
15,000, 30,000
how many prisoners died per day in andersonville
100
how many prisoners died in total at andersonville
13,000
why were so many sent to prison camps
because conf. said they would not return black soldiers or the white officers who led them
instead the would be put to death
what year was the idea of blacks fighting in the conf. military proposed
1865
what would the confederate blacks get in exchange for fighting the war
freedom
what happened before the act which would let conf. blacks fight was put into effect
the war ended
from where to where did sherman go in his march through the south
from atlanta to the sea
what was sherman hoping to accomplish in his march through the south
wanted to wage total and psychological war to make the war so hellish and terrible for the south
that they would never consider another war
what did sherman burn down in his march through the south
railroads, factories, farms
what year did Lee surrender to grant and the civil war ended
1865
where did Lee surrender to Grant
appomattox
what were the surrender terms the conf had to accept
30,000 captured conf. could return home but had to promise to never take up arms against the US
again
when was lincoln assassinated
april 14, 1865
where was lincoln assassinated
ford theatre
who assassinated lincoln
john wilkes booth
who was john wilkes booth and why did he kill lincoln
famous actor from maryland, upset about what lincoln did to his beloved south
what eventually happened to booth after the assassination
caught and killed-unclear how exactly
fundamental questions finally resolved by war
1. could the fragile, experiment in federalism, the US survive. 2. would the US continue to be
the largest slave holding country in the worl
a change brought on after the civil war
regional transfer of power from south to north
how many years would it be until the next southern president
50 years
by 1860 what was the share of the south's national wealth
30%
by 1870 what was the share of the south's national wealth
12%
reconstruction lasted from
1863-1877
what year did lincoln make his proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction
1863
pardon policy according to lincoln's proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction
pardons to southern whites but not to conf. gov. officials or high ranking military officers
what did all conf. have to do because of lincoln's proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction
had to take an oath of allegiance to the US and accept the abolition of slavery
what did lincoln's proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction allow states to do
in states where white males 21 and over who took the oath and represented 10% of the voters in
1860, could est. their own state gov.
why did rep. oppose lincoln's proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction
they felt it would allow states too much power to control former slaves
why did radical republicans oppose lincoln's proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction
b/c it restored political rights to white men who fought against the union
name some radical republicans
thaddeus stevens, charles sumner
what did radical republicans want to do
wanted to give blacks citizenship and voting rights
what kind of land did the radical republicans want to give freed blacks
land that was confiscated from former confederates
who proposed the wade davis bill
congress
what year was the wade davis bill passed
1864
what did lincoln do to the wade davis bill
pocket vetoed it
what is a pocket veto
indirect veto of legislation by the president where he refuses to sign it
what did the wade-davis bill do
did not give blacks the right to vote and imposed stricter loyalty requirements on southern
whites
what year did Andrew Johnson make his reconstruction plan
1865
what did andrew johnson's reconstruction plan do (amnesty)
amnesty for all high ranking conf. officials, military leaders, and former landowners
valued at $20,000 or more
what did andrew johnson's reconstruction plan do (north carolina)
made sure north carolina could create a new state constitution where only white men could vote
what was the goal of andrew johnson's reconstruction plan
yeoman whites are the backbone of the south
why did northern republicans oppose andrew johnson's reconstruction plan
b/c hundreds of ex-conf. would be elected into office, jeopardized rep. control of cong. d/n
include citizenship rights to freedmen.
last reason why northern republicans opposed andrew johnson's reconstruction plan
d/n control violence in the South post Civil War
when were the black codes passed
1865
what were the black codes attempting to do
attempting to create a new type of slavery
what were the black codes
rules that applied to blacks-segregation
what was the goal of the black codes
keep freed blacks in state as close to slavery as possible
what did the black codes do
excluded blacks from juries and the vote. c/n testify against a white person in court. banned
interracial marriage.
year freedmen's bureau established
1865
why was the freedmen's bureau established
to negotiate free labor contracts b/w former slaves and former slave owners
what did the freedmen's bureau do
issued food rations, helped set up schools and hospitals
what was 40 acres and a mule
plan for gov. to distribute confiscated land to freed blacks
who did not all the policy of 40 acres and a mule to pass
andrew johnson
what caused illiteracy rates among southern blacks and whites to drop significantly
2000 teachers from the N. went to the S. 3/4 were women
what happened to southern power during reconstruction
shifted from the dems. to the reps. and eventually backs to the dems.
what year was the 14th amendment passed
1868
what did the 14th amendment do
granted citizenship to any person born in the US despite race, religion, or previous
condition of servitude. equal protection under the law
what did the 14th amendment do to the power of the governments
expanded the power of the fed. gov. and limited power of state gov.
how was congress involved in the 14th amendment
congress given power to enforce the amendment
how long did it take congress to ratify the 14th amendment
700 days
what did the congressional reconstruction do
divided 10 S. states into 5 military districts. gave men 21 and older the right to vote.
who went to oversee voter registration during the congressional reconstruction
army officers
the new state constitution reconstruction include what
universal male suffrage
what did the office of tenure act require
required senate approval before a cabinet member c/ be removed from office
why was the office of tenure act proposed
b/c pres. johnson removed edwin stanton-Secretary of war w/o approval
cause of Johnson's impeachment
Johnson's interference with reconstruction
how close did johnson come to being impeached
vote fell 1 short
what year was the 15th amendment passed
1870
what was the 15th amendment a part of
congressional reconstruction
how long did it take to ratify the 15th amendment
300 days
what did the 15th amendment do? what were the effects
prohibited voting rights based on color or race. required S. states to ratify, S. resisted
what year was grant elected president
1868
grant was a
republican
what was grant dependent on too get elected
african american votes
3 scandals during grant's presidency
tammany ring NYC, Standard Oil, Credit Moblier
what is a political machine
group of people trying to get somebody elected
what was the tammany ring NYC
when Boss Tweed stole money from his political mahine
what was standard oil
When john d. rockefeller bribed ohio legislatures to allow for corrupt business practices
what was credit moblier
RR construction company overcharged itself, pocketed the profits, and bribed congressmen
to ignore what they did
what year was the pendleton act passed
1882
what was the pendleton act
the act required some civil service employees to take tests to prove their competance for the
job
in reality what was the effect of the pendleton act
very small
what did the pendleton act try to undo
the spoil system
who pushed for civil service reform
Pres. Grant
what were most black voters
illiterate/former slaves
what were prominent black leaders
educated and most were free before the civil war
what were a majority of black voters
republicans
where were prominent black leaders elected
the house and senate
what were carpetbaggers
people who wanted to modernize and democratize the new south
why did carpet baggers go to the south
to est. the rep. party and invest money
who made up the majority of carpet baggers
union army officers
how did the south see carpetbaggers
as agents of an army of occupation
what were scalawags
white southern born republicans
what was the goal of the ku klux klan
to destroy the power of the rep. party in the south through terror and murder
what year were the KKK acts passed
1870, 1871
another name for the KKK acts
enforcement acts
what did the KKK acts do
authorized martial law to guarantee racial harmony, suspended the writ of habeaus corpus
how many were convicted due to the KKK acts
600 convicted, 65 served time
who was elected in 1872
grant was re-elected
what caused the panic of 1873
speculative econ. collapsed. the last straw was the funding of the Northern Pacific RR
how high was unemployed during the panic of 1873
14%
what is a speculative economy
high risk investments and expansion of credit
what did the Mississippi plan do
intimidated black voters, forced all S. whites to join Dem. Party, ended rep. rule in the S.
used economics to control elections
what did the civil rights act do
banned racial discrimination in all forms of public discrimination and accommodations
year civil rights act was passed
1873
ultimately what happened to the civil rights act
failed
what did the supreme court say about the civil rights act in 1875
declared it unconstitutional - said 14th amendment applied only to states not individuals
what year was US vs. Cruishank and US vs. Reese
1876
what was the ruling of US vs. Cruishank and US vs. Reese
supreme court ruled it c/ only prosecute states for violations of the 14th and 15th
amendmentbut not individuals
what was the reality of the ruling on US vs. Cruishank and US vs. Reese
supreme court c/n enforce civil rights. some states were controlled by white supremacy Dems.
who had no intention of enforcing civil rights
who won the election of 1876
Hayes
what party did Hayes belong to
republican
what did the compromise of 1877 do
rep. end of Reconstruction. removal of fed. troops from S. states. Federal money for Southern
RR. Appointment of Southern postmaster general
3 main points of Reconstruction
former confed. states admitted back into the Union, transition from slavery to freedmen in
the S, economic inequalities,
what was the last main point of Reconstruction
social injustice of white supremacy