Biology Vocab

Vocabulary

15 cards·by Apolium

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Allele

A variation of a gene's nucleotide sequence (an alternative form of a gene)

Co-Dominance

A pattern of inheritance in which the phenotypic effect of two alleles in a heterozygous genotype express each allele fully and equally

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

A biological macromolecule that encodes the genetic information for living organisms and is capable of self-replication

DNA Replication

The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself

Dominant Inheritance

A pattern of inheritance in which the phenotypic effect of one allele is completely expressed within a homozygous and heterozygous genotype

Gene

A sequence of nucleotides composing a segment of DNA that provides a blueprint for a specific hereditary trait

Genetics

The scientific study of inheritance

Genotype

The genetic composition of an organism with reference to a single trait, a set of traits, or the entire complement of traits of organism

Incomplete Dominance

A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive.

Inheritance

The process in which genetic material is passed from parents to their offspring

Multiple Alleles

More than two forms of gene controlling the expression of a trait

Phenotype

The observable expression of a genotype

Polygenic Trait

A trait in which the phenotype is controlled by two or more genes at different loci on different chromosomes

Recessive Inheritance

A pattern of inheritance in which the phenotypic effect of one allele os only expressed within a homozygous genotype.

Sex-Linked Trait

A trait, associated with a gene that is carried by either the male or female parent (eg, color blindness and sickle-cell anemia).