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Dynamic Earth
44 cards·by Owen061299
What was the idea that the continents move around the Earth's surface?
Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener in 1912 believed in _____ and supported it with what?
Continental Drift; Scientific Evidence
What was the supercontinent that contained all the continents today?
Pangea
Who came up with the idea of seafloor spreading in 1961?
Harry Hess
What is the long change of undersea mountains?
Mid Ocean Ridge
What is the theory that explains how plates move?
Plate Tectonics
What is the movement of a fluid caused by differences in temperature?
Convection Currents
What is plates sinking and the crust melting?
Subduction
What is plate boundaries when moving apart?
Divergent Boundaries
Where does seafloor spreading occur?
Divergent Boundaries
Where does a mid ocean ridge occur?
Divergent Boundaries
What are divergent future boundaries found on a continent?
Rift Valley
What are two plates moving towards each other or pushing against each other?
Convergent Boundaries
Where does subduction and mountain building occur?
Convergent Boundaries
What is two plates moving past each other called?
Transform Fault Boundary
Where does seismic activity occur?
All types of boundaries.
What is a place in the mantle where temperatures are higher than normal?
Mantle Plume
What is on the crust directly above the mantle plume?
Hot Spot
What are the vibrations produced by a sudden movement in the Earth's crust?
Earthquake
What are small tremors that occur before a large earthquake?
Foreshocks
What are small tremors that occur after after a large earthquake?
Aftershocks
What is a crack in the Earth's crust where the movement occurs?
Fault
What is the underground point of origin of an earthquake?
Focus
What is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus?
Epicenter
What are waves produced by an earthquake?
Seismic waves
What is a P-wave?
originate at the focus underground, longitudinal waves, the fastest of the three seismic
waves; can travel through solids, liquids
What is a S-wave?
originate at the focus, transverse waves, slower than P-waves, travel throughsolids.
What is a surface wave?
They originate at the epicenter, causes rock movement, slowest seismic wave, and causes
damage.
What is an instrument that measures and records and seismic waves?
Seismograph
How do you find the epicenter?
P and S waves speed, and the distance to the epicenter.
What is a scale that ranks earthquakes according to the size of the seismic waves?
Richter Scale
What is a scale that ranks the total energy released by the earthquake?
Moment Magnitude Scale
What scale ranks structural damage of an earthquake?
Mercalli Scale
What is an opening in the crust that erupts molten rock?
Volcano
What is molten rock that reaches the surface of the Earth?
Lava
What is underground molten rock?
Magma
What type of silica is thin and runny?
Low Silica
What type of silica is thick and gooey?
High Silica
Where do volcanoes occur?
Convergent and Divergent Boundaries
What are thick layers of rock that come from quiet eruptions?
Lava Flows
What is solidified material that is ejected explosively out of a volcano?
Tephra
What is a Shield Volcano?
A volcano has a low silica content, lava flows , and has mostly quiet volcanoes.
What is a Cinder-Con Volcano?
A volcano has all explosive eruptions , low silica content, fire fountains, and tephras.
What is a Composite Volcano?
A volcano has a high silica content, lava flows and tephras, and is made up of alternating
layers.