Sign in to save your progress, vote, and build your own decks.Sign in
Science flashcards
33 cards·by Study-better
what is hybridization?
Breeders cross two genetically different individuals
what is inbreeding?
Involves crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics
what is a carrier?
A person who has one recessive allele for one trait and one dominant allele
what is a karyotype?
A picture of all-chromosomes in a cell
what is a genetic disorder?
an abnormal condition a person inherits through genes or chromosomes
what is a pedigree?
A chart "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
what is genetic engineering?
Genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism
what is cystic fibrosis?
A disorder when the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines
what is down syndrome?
An extra copy of chromosome 21
what is genetic counseling?
Helps couples understand their chances of having a child with a particular genetic disorder
what is selective breeding?
The process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation
explain the patern of human inheritance.
Some human traits are controlles by single genes with two alleles and others single genes with
multiple alleles
what is a clone?
An organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced
what is inbreeding?
Involves crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics
what are the sex chromosomes?
Determines whether a person is male or female aka girl or boy
Normal female chromosomes are?
XX
Nomal male chromosomes are?
XY
what is the effect of the environment?
Many of an organisms characteristics are determined by the interaction between genes and the
environment
what are the causes of genetic disorders?
Some are caused by changes in the DNA of genes, and others by changes in the overall structure or
number of chromosomes
what is sickle-cell disease?
Sickle-cell disease affects hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
what is hemophillia
Sex-linked disorder in which a person's blood clots slowly or not at all
how do you manage genetic disorders?
Through medical care, education , job training, etc.
what are multiple alleles?
Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
what is a sex-linked gene?
Their alleles are passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome
what are sex chromosomes?
One of the 23 pairs of the chromosomes in each body cell
what is a genome?
All the DNA in one cell of an organism
what is DNA fingerprinting?
A chemical test that shows the phenotype of a person or other living things
what is gene therapy?
Involves inserting copies of a gene directly into a person's cells
what is hybridization?
Breeders cross two gentically different individuals
describe single genes with two alleles.
These human traits have distinctly different phenotypes
Explain the inheritance of colorblindness.
Trait controlled by a recessive allele on the X chromosome
describe single genes with multiple alleles.
Even though a gene may have multiple alleles a perosn can only carry two of these
explain a pedigree
Important tool gentics use to trace-inheritance of traits in humans