MCAT bio ch.1 class & structure of prokaryotic cells

prokaryotes genetic material is organized into a single circular molecule of DNA concentrated in an area of the cell

archaea

bacteria

eukarya

eukarya

single celled organisms that are visually similar to bacteria but contain genes and several metabolic pathways that are more similar to euka

archaea are considered this cuz they were most commonly isolated from harsh environments

using sources of energy by using photosynthetic or chemosynthetic

start translation w/methionine, contain similar RN and associate their DNA w/histones

archaea

archaea

a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and sometimes a flagella or fimbriae

5x10^30 outnumbering all plants and animals combined

both human and the bacteria benefit from the relationship

they provide no advantage or benefit to the host and can cause disease

intracellularly or extracelluarly

spherical bacteria

rod shaped

spiral shaped

bacteria that require oxygen for metabolism

a bacteria that can switch bw using oxygen for aerobic metabolism if it is present or to anaerobic metabolism if its not

are unable to use oxygen for metabolism but are not harmed by its presence in the environment

bacteria that does not require oxygen for metabolism

anaerobes that cannot survive in an oxygen environment

each cell must be able to perform all of functions necessary for life on its own

inside the prokaryotic cell

forms the outer barrier of the cell

long whip like structures that can used for propulsion, bacteria can have multiple

gram positive and gram negative

how the cell wall of the bacteria is formed by a crystal violet stain

if the envelope absorbs the crystal violet stain

if the envelope does not absorb the crystal violet stain, but absorbs the safranin counterstain

counterstain caused by a crystal violet stain

deep purple

pink-red

bacteria cell walls consist of a thick layer of a polymeric substance made from amino acids and sugars

gram negative bacteria have this

part of the gram negative that triggers an immune response in human beings

ability of a cell to detect chemical stimuli and move toward or away from them

hollow helical structure composed of flagellin

a complex structure that anchors the flagellum to the cytoplasmic membrane and is the motor

connects the filament and the basal body so that as the basal body rotates it exerts torque on the filament which can spin and propel the ba

carry DNA that is not necessary for survival of the prokaryote

contain 30 and 50 subunits

contain 40 and 60 subunits