Genetics

An organism with more than two sets of homologous chromosomes

A cell in which the chromosome number is not an exact multiple of the haploid number

In which non-homologous chromosomes interchange but all parts are present

During interphase, in the nucleus of a female mammal cell - the result of an inactivated X chromosome

Cell to cell transfer of DNA between bacteria, via a pilus or conjugation bridge

The loss of a segment of genetic material from a chromosome

The inactivation of an X chromosome in a female mammal, which results in a single active X that affects females to the same degree as males

In which a chromosome segment is present more than once in a haploid genome

In which the chromosome number is equal to the haploid number

A segment of plasmid DNA that transfers from one bacterium to a bacterium lacking the plasmid, allows conjugation

The adjacent bacterial DNA that is carried with the F factor into the F- cell

An organism composed of two or more genetic types of cells

E. coli cell with F factor incorporated into its genome

A chromosome that remains condensed/stained during interphase

Several genes with their order reversed; including centromere

Several genes with their order reversed; not including the centromere

A microbe that can grow in minimal medium with only a carbon source and inorganic compounds

A small number of tandem repeats that can increase or decrease

A pair of identical or related DNA sequences that are adjacent and in the same orientation

The carrying of information from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage

In which whole plasmids enter a cell as naked DNA

The interchange of parts between non-homologous chromosomes

A cell having three complete sets of chromosomes

A tandem series of three repeating base pairs

A cell having three copies of a chromosome

Inherited from only one parent, i.e. Y chromosome

A mutation that results in a mutant phenotype in restrictive conditions, but a wildtype in permissive conditions

Template made from cell colonies on agar; colony cells transferred to cloth

Different ways for epigenetics to splice genome

Recruits RNA polymerase

In the absence of glucose, recruits RNA polymerase & speeds up Lac ZYA production.

Always turned on

Cis element close to or adjacent to the gene acted on. Binding site for activator.

Liklihood of producing fertile offspring (w = 1-s; s = selection coefficient).

Sepal, Petal, Stamen, Carpel

Change from wild type to mutant allele

Small population isolated, most likely to lose rare alleles due to oversampling.

Caused by insertion/deletion.

Gene over-expressed or inappropriately expressed

All genes in a population

Slow change of a gene pool by random chance

p^2 + 2pq + q^2

Condensed silenced chromatin

Sickle cell anemia, for example

The process by which epigenetic imprints are passed down from a parent

Separates individual genes from each other

Inserts like a base pair but does nothing; causes deletions & frameshift mutations

Diploid for for allele in bacterium due to the presence of a plasmid

A mutation that causes the wrong amino acid to be coded for

A silent mutation

A mutation that produces a stop codon in the wrong place.

Binding site for repressors, "light switch"

Ratio of a phenotype in a population

Site for initial binding of RNA polymerase

Binds to operator, switches gene "off"

A mutation that undoes a previous mutation, back to the wild type

A cis site where the repressor binds

A mutation that doesn't change which amino acid is coded for

A silent mutation

An enzyme that splices stuff at splice site, and splices out introns

Location on promoter where RNA polymerase attaches

Chemical bonds that form between adjacent thymines; causes kink in DNA but fixed by cellular repair mechanisms

RNA -> amino acids; in ribosome

I+ P O+ Z- / I+ P O- Z+

I+ P O- Z- / I+ P O+ Z+

IS P O+ Z+ / I+ P O+ Z+

IS P O- Z- / I+ P O+ Z+

IC P O- Z- / I+ P O+ Z+