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Botany
Biomes
53 cards·by browncl4
What is population?
a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species
What is an example of population?
sugar maples at HW old growth forrest
What is a community?
The group of individual organisms inhabiting a given area
What is an example of a community?
all species at HW old growth forrest
What is an ecosystem?
collections of organisms and environmental factors as they are interrelated by the exchange
of matter and energy
What are some examples of an ecosystem?
HW ogf, including soil, solar radiation, etc.
What is a landscape?
Usually a relatively large area
What are some examples of a landscape?
HW ogf+other forests+ Acton Lake+surrounding farms, roads, etc.
What is a vegetation?
The plant cover of a given area
What are some examples of a vegetation?
HW ogf, MU football field, decidious forest of Ohio- so at any scale
Wha is a natural vegetation?
vegetation that would be in existence today if the permanant European settlement of N.A. had
not taken place
What is a stand?
is any example of vegetation
What are some stand examples?
Giant Forest, Cedar bog or a lawn
What is an association?
a group of stands
What is a formation?
a group of associations
What is a biome?
a group of formations
What is the CEO of Simpson Timber Company's opinion?
make profit & pay share holders
What is the owner/operator of the small local logging company's opinion?
he just wants to make a living
What is the environmantalist working on restoration projects in Redwood National Park's
opinion?
to save the forrest
What is the spokeperson for Redwood National Park's opinion?
the trees are all going to be gone anyway
What is the leader of the labor union's opinion?
it's somebody else's fault
What is landscape ecology?
study of interaction of ecosystems in a landscape
Landscape Ecology is _________.
grand scale
What is landscape structure?
distribution of matter and energy
How does human settlement affect landscape variation?
intially increases variation/diversity, later variation/diversity decreases
Landscape Ecology is change in __________.
structure through time and average forest patch size
Landscape Ecology is also_________.
forest patch isolation
Landscape Ecology is _________ and ________.
average patch distance and patch connectivity
Are these subsets of things sufficient to descrie the objects?
No- need quantitative measure of importance/dominance
How do we determine how important a species is?
By easily measureable attributes: density, size and frequency
What is stratification?
The vertical arrangement of plants into a few layers of uneven distribution
What are the five layers of stratification in an eastern decidous woodland?
surface layer, herb layer, shrub layer, sub canopy trees and canopy trees
What is a surface layer?
moss, lichens; on soil, fallen trees
What is a herb layer?
non-woody herbaceous plants, fungi
What is a shrub layer?
woody shrubs, small trees 1'-15'
What is a sub canopy trees?
mature short trees, medium trees 15
what are canopy trees?
tallest trees >60'
What is sucession?
change in a ecosystem overtime
What is primary sucession?
no soil to start with
What is secondary sucession?
have soil to start with, organic material
In secondary sucession _______ event removed the vegetation.
disturbance
What are some natural disturbances in secondary sucession?
fire, flood and wind
Old Field Sucession is a type of ___________.
Secondary Sucession
Matter flow is ______.
cyclic
Energy flow is _______.
non-cyclic
What is climate?
average weather a particular climate
Soil is the ________.
median for plant growth
What is topographic relief?
varying elevations of land surfaces
What are the soil horizons?
O,A,B, and C
What is the O horizon?
organic matter
What is the A horizon?
relatively high org. matter, leached
What is the B horizon?
site of decomposition of leached materials
What is the C horizon?
breaking down parent material