Genetics

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phenotype

physical characteristics of an organism

characters

attributes eg eye color

traits

inheritable differences eg red and yellow seeds

dominant

expressed

recessive

hidden

gene

unit of heredity transferred from parent to offspring

allele

alternative form of gene

Principle Of Segregation

Before sexual reproduction occurs, two alleles of individual parents separate, and are distributed into gametes at equal frequencies

loci

designated location of gene on chromosome

loci

type of gene controlling particular character

heterozygous

two different alleles for locus

homozygous

two identical alleles for locus

monohybrid cross

inheritance of two different alleles at single loci

dihybrid cross

two individuals with different alleles at two loci

monohybrid cross

one trait

dihybrid cross

two traits

genotype

genetic constitution of organisms

genotype

set of alleles for particular trait

phenotype

set of observable characteristics as a result of genotype

Principle Of Individual Assortment

Members of any gene pair segregate from each other independently of the other members of the gene pair

Principle Of Inheritance

Members of any gene pair segregate from each other independently of the other members of the gene pair

Chromosome Theory Of Inheritance (Sutton-Boveri)

inheritance can be explained by assuming genes are linearly arranged in specific locations along chromosome

Chromosome Theory Of Inheritance (Sutton-Boveri) (2)

chromosomes are physical carriers of hereditary info