Endocrine System

zoology 171

135 cards·by browncl4

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What is the hormone effect?

variable active or inactive

What is cAMP?

was ATP

cAMP has _________.

1 phosphate mono

cAmp had__________.

2 phosphates taken off

Non-Steroid Hormone has a_______, and ________, which is the___________.

complex on the membrane(receptor), cAMP-2nd messenger

Non Steroids have no____ and __________.

RNA and no DNA

Non-Steriods do not_________.

make proteins

Non-Steroids modify________ to make__________.

proteins to make proteins active or none active.

Steroid proteins bind to________ to make________ and then__________.

DNA-->RNA-->Protein Synthesis

What are some Steroid examples?

Estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisol

What are some Glycoprotein examples?

FSH, LH and TSH

What are some Peptide examples?

ADH, OT, TRH, SS, and GnRH

What are some Amine examples?

Norepinephrine

Steroids are formed from?

Cholestrol

Glycoproteins are formed from?

Protein and carbohydrates

Non-Steroid hormones such as:

Amines, Proteins, Peptides and Glycoproteins

Non-Steroid hormones that have a _______ and have _________.

1st and 2nd messenger and Binding and Active Site

Steroid hormones pass into or through the ______________.

cell membrane

What is the duration of action for the Nervous System?

very brief unless activity continues

What is the speed on onset for nervous system?

seconds

What is the specific action for the nervous system?

Receptors on postsynaptic cell

What is the chemical signal in the Nervous System?

Neurotransmitter

What are the cells in the nervous system?

neurons

The endocrine system is__________.

relatively slow

The nervous system is_________.

relatively quick

Hormones have no__________.

effect on other cells

Endocrine glands release_______________________.

hormones into the bloodstream to specific target sites

endocrine and nervous systems communicate by using_________ ___________.

chemical signals

Exocrine glands have_________.

ducts

exocrine glands are__________.

directly used to a specific site

exocrine glands don't__________.

use the blood stream

What are some examples of glands that don't use the bloodstream?

sweat glands, stomach juices, stomach acid, ear wax and salivory gland

Autocrine glands go through the ________.

bloodstream

autocrine glands________.

act on themselves

paracrine glands are__________.

near by

_________plays apart in a paracrine gland.

Diffusion

Endocrine glands are___________.

ductless

The endocrine system has_________ and _________.

paracrine and autocrine

Cox 1 and 2 are_________that stop__________.

inhibitors, inflamation

Cox 1 and Cox 2 block the___________.

enzyme channel

Cox 1 and Cox 2 are ____________.

Asprin

Low doses of Asprin __________, which is a_________.

inhibit platlet accumulation, blood thinner

What are the effects of Non-Steroid Hormones?

Control smooth muscle, regulate BP, promote inflamtion after injury

What is another effect of Non-Steroid hormones?

Na+ ions and H2O in kidney

Hormones can be____________.

short-lived or may last for days

What is Half-life?

concentration of 100%, 50% and 25%

What are Protaglandins?

paracrine substances

Protaglandins are rapidly________.

inactive

Protaglandins regulate and alter_________.

cell response to hormones

Protaglandins controls___________.

cAMP production

Hormone secretions are___________.

precisely regulated

Cox 1 and Cox 2 block ____________.

enzyme control

The stimulus either ______ or _________hormone levels.

increases or decreases

The stimulus goes to the __________.

receptor

The receptor ____________.

sends signals to the control center

The control center is the _________,which is__________.

endocrine gland, inhibited

The control center goes to the __________.

effector

The effector also__________or________and controls the __________or how the hormone levels will respond.

increases or decrease, effects

Control Center effects_________.

homeostasis

Hypothalmus then_________then__________then_________then___________.

Anterior pituitary gland-->peripheral endocrine gland-->Target cells--> Action

What do hypophyseal portal veins do?

pass down along th pituitary stalk and help the capillary bed in the anterior lobe

Hypothalamus releases_____into the________.

TRH, Anterior Pituitary cells

Anterior Pituitary cells release ______into the________.

TSH, bloodstream

Bloodstream-->________--> _______

Thyroid Gland, T4

T4 then inhibits_________ and_________

Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary cells

__________releasing hormones stimulate________pituitary to release hormones.

Hypothalamic, anterior

Nerve impulses from hypothalmus stimulate _______ in the_________pituitary gland to release hormones.

nerve endings, posterior

Posterior pituitary uses_______________.

nervous system to activate hormones

The pituitary gland is_______.

quite small

What two hormones are produced from the posterior pituitary?

antidiretic and oxytocin

What is a is an antidiretic?

vasopressin, water balance, you don't have to use the bathroom, makes body absorb more water

What is oxytocin?

pregnancy and lactasion

What is a diretic?

makes you go to the bathroom to pee alot

An example of a diretic would be?

Alcohol

What are the Posterior lobe hormones?

ADH and OT

What is the trachea master regulator?

metabolism

T4 is _________.

common weak

T3 is__________.

scarce and more powerful

The thyroid gland regulate_________.

metabolic rate

The thyroid gland produces what three hormones?

T3, T4 and Calcitonin

What does Calctonin do?

takes calcium out of the bones to regulate the body's calcium levels

The thyroid is a_________.

iodine defincency mineral

The parathyroid glands are on the__________of the thyroid gland.

posterior

The parathyroid gland has a role of maintaining__________in the bloodstream.

Calcium levels

The parathyroid gland secretes what hormone?

Parathyroid hormone

What are several sources that increase calcium into the bloodstream?

Bone, kidney and intestine

Calcium absorbtion occurs in the________.

intestine

The low levels oif calcium noted-->

secretes parathyroid hormone

The bone releases_________.

calcium

What are the parathyroid gland disorders?

hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism

What does hypoparathyroidism cause?

inadvertent surgical removal; injury

What is hypoparathyroid's treatment?

Calcium salt injections and massive doses of vitamin D

The aderenal glands are closely associated with the ________.

kidney

Hormones are secreted from what two different areas in adrenal gland?

adrenal cortex and the adrenal medula

What is the medula?

catacholomines, Epinephrine,sympathetic, and Norephrine

What is RAS?

(Renin Angiotensin System) hormone involved in regulating ion

RAS is in charge of_____________.

Regulating BP and water levels

What does ANG II do?

increases BP through vasoconstriction

The pancreas has___________.

two types of secretory tissue

Having secretory tissue is why the pancreas has a dual functioning organ as both an __________ and _____________.

exocrine gland and endocrine gland

The exocrine gland has___________released and put out into the___________.

digestive enzymes and stomach

What is Pancreatitis?

inflamation of the Pancreas; enzymes eat pancreas

What is a digestive enzyme?

exocrine

What are three endocrine hormones that are secreted from the islet cells in the pancreas?

Alpha ,Beta and Delta cells

Alpha cells secrete_________.

Glucagon

Delta cells secrete__________.

Somatostatin

Somatostatin regulate__________.

carbs.

What is Pancreatitis' primary effect?

Alcohol

What is Somatostatin's source of control?

not determined

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

meaning "sweet" and Type 1 diabetes

What is type 1 diabetes?

lack of production; diabetes inability to produce insulin

What are two other endocrine glands?

pineal gland and thymus gland

The pineal gland secretes________.

melatonin

Pineal gland regulates________.

circadian rhythms

The thymus gland promotes_______________.

development of certain lympocytes

The thymus gland has an important role of__________.

imunity-T cells

Tcells are made in__________development.

bone marrow

Aldosterone in the adrenal cortex acts on the kidney to conserve sodium_____ and (by________) water

ions and osmosis

Endocrine glands________in size in lifespan changes.

decrease

Muscular strength_________as GH levels decrease in lifespan changes.

decrease

ADH increases due to___________in lifespan changes.

slower breakdown in liver and kidneys

As calcitonin levels_________; the risk of osteoporosis increases in lifespan changes.

decrease

In lifespan changes_______changes contribute to the risk of osteoporosis

PTH levels

In lifespan changes_________may develop.

insulin resistance

In lifespan changes, changes in__________affect the body clock

melatonin secretion

In lifespan changes thymosin production________increasing risk of infecttions

declines

Protein kinase has one to two channels that can?

activate something or inactivate it

The pituitary gland is controlled by_______.

hypothalamus

Norepinephrine and Epineprhine both__________ and __________.

increase in metabolic rate and increase in heart rate

Glucagon sends_________.

glucose out of the cell

Exocrine gland is secreted into the __________ and aid in

small intestine and aid in digestion of food

An example of digestive enzymes would be_______.

sweat glands secreted out

The pancreas is both an ___________and has areas that provide different functions.

exocrine and endocrine organ

The endocrine portion secretes___________.

insulin and glucagon

________ portion secretes digestive enzymes.

exocrine