ANSC 107 Quiz 11-1-11

Depression is a loss of reduction of vigor or production that usually accompanies inbreeding.

Mild form where inbreeding is kept low. Keep High genetic relationship.

Superior Genetics, High Homozygous & likely to pass on.

60-70% show detrimental, 30-40% don't show. Trying to identify.

Especially hidden & serious recessive traits.

Does not make problems just allows them to be expressed.

Unrelated animals within the same breed are mated.

Mating to different breeds.

The superiority of the crossbred offspring over the average of the pure breeds (parents) used to make the cross.

The preferred system of mating for Commercial Swine because more pigs survive from birth to weaning and are heavier at weening.

Rotational- 2 or more breeds, Terminal-None kept for breeding

Line Breeding

Increase in structural tissue. Excludes fat.

Increase in Weight

Sexual, Compositional-Feed lot

Refers to stages of development as the animal grows.

Increase in the number of Cells

Increase in Cell Size

Stops when Animal Reaches Maturity

Input per Unit Output

Days to 270

Hands

Days to Slaughter weight

Selection for growth can influence other traits as well. Some traits are influenced positively while others are influenced negatively.

Moderately-High .3-.5

Chemical Substance that is secreted into the body fluids by one cell or group of cells and has an effect on other cells.

Tells body what to do.

GH (somatoropin), bST, oST, pST Source: Anterior Pituitary

Increased Milk Production, growth rate, mature size, muscle to bone, decreased fat.

Inhibits release of growth hormone.

Hypothalamus Growth Hormone

IGFs produced in the liver and released in response to somatotropin.

Somatomedin

Thyroid, Promotes energy production and oxygen consumption by peripheral tissue.

Pancreas, Stimulates growth by increaing the uptake of glucose and amino acids. Increases RNA

Adrenal Medulla Regulation of cardiovascular system, mobilizes glycogen from liver, leg muscle receptors, dilates pupils

Adrenal Medullla Stimulates Brain Function

Adrenal Cortex Affects carbohydrate metabolism and have powerful anti-inflammatory actions.

Testes, Increased growth rate, feed eff, mature size, muscle and bone, decreased fat, slows skeletal growth.

Ovaries, Slows skeletal growth, promotes growth in steers.

Hormone of Pregnancy, Corpus Luteum. Improves growth weight in steers. Key additive for steers.

Estrogen, Human Birth Defects Promotes growth rate in steers and heifers

Implant-Sheep Estrogen, Promotes growth rate in males. Ossification at early age.

Progesterone, Growth rate in steers.

Testosterone, growth weight in heifers.

Estradiol and progesterone, growth weight in calves. Precurser to both estrogen and testosterone

Melengesterol Acetate, rate of gain in heifers by suppressing estrus.

Cannot be used in food animals. Used in horses, football players. Increase muscle growth and decrease fat growth. Bone & joint problems.

Earlier daughters will reach puberty.

Better lifetime production.

Melitonin, hypothalamus, acts upon anterior pituitary stimultes FSH.

Pineal Gland daylight decreasing.

Follicle stimulating hormone, anterior pituitary, acts upon ovary makes follicles grow.

Luteinizing hormone, anterior pituitary, acts upon ovary: starts ovulation

Stops LH Secreted by follicle acts upon anterior pituitary stops FSH

Follicle, causes estrus

Corpus Luteum

Milk Letdown, uterine contractions. Posterior pituitary, corpus luteum.

Acts upon Corpus Luteum, Secreted by Uterine Lining. Gives Open Signal

Ovulation, Corpus Luteum

Testosterone

Follicular development, estrogen production

Down regulates FSH

Estrus, Uterine milk

Corpus luteum, pregnancy, mammary gland, negative feedback to the hypothalamus

Milke let down, posterior pituitary, contractions, smooth muslce.

Endometrim, non pregnant uterus. regression of corpus luteum.

Prostoglandin-Coprus Luteum, Progestorne-Cycle pattern

12 days

1

2

3

4

5

7

6

8

Holds up female repro tract

Blister

Mature Follicle

deteriorated follicle

continuous corpus luteum

Pre-Coprus Luteum "Bloody Body"

Progestorone, "Yellow Body"

"White Body" Regressed Corpus Luteum

Ovulation In Horses

4-5feet

7-8 inch bipartite

Longitudinal Folds

Corkscrew

Annular Rings