Nose, Throat and Ear

20 cards·by tatiana05

Risk factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Aging, male, obesity, craniofacial or upper airway soft tissue abnormalities, smoking, narrowed airway, nasal obstruction, menapause

Pathophysiology Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Loss of normal, pharynx passively collapse during inspiration

Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Nocturnal Polysomnography (Gold Standard), Laryngoscopy, TSH, ABGs, PFTs, MRI

Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Sleep position, weight loss, avoid alcohol/sedatives, CPAP, oral apparatus, surgical

Definition of Auricular Perichondritis

Is infaction of the tissue surrounding the cartilage of the earlobe, ear canal or both

Causes of Auricular Perichondritis

Trauma, chemical, burn, mastoiditis, complication of piercing, insect bites

Etiology of Auricular Perichondritis

Pus accumulates between the cartilage and the layer of connective tissue around it. Impinging on blood supply to cartilage

Organisms of Auricular Perichondritis

Pseudomonas, staph aureus

Clinical presentation of Auricular Perichondritis

Redness, pain, tender and swelling of the pinna

Treatment of Auricular Perichondritis

Fluoroquinolones-cipro, oral steroids

Complications of Auricular Perichondritis

Abscess formation, loss of cartilage, Cauliflower ear

Referral for Auricular Perichondritis

ENT-unresponsive to treatment w/in 48hr, involvement beyond auricle, bilateral involvement w/o hx of trauma

Otitis Externa Causes of Acute localized OE

Staph aureus

Otitis Externa Causes of Eczematous

Seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, lupus

Otitis Externa Causes of Otomycosis

Prolonged uses of topical antibiotics & steroids, aspergillis, candida

Clinical Presentation of Acute diffuse OE

Itching, fullness, tender, painful, no systemic signs, erythema, edema, minimal serous secretions

Clinical presentation for Eczematous OE

Itching, scaling, crusting, erythema, fissuring

Signs and Symptoms of Fungal OE (Otomycosis)

Intense itching, pain, edema,

Clinical presentation for Chronic OE

Itching, dry, mild discomfort, mucopurulent discharge, lack of cerumen, thickening of walls

Clinical Presentation of Necrotizing OE

Pain, otorrhea, facial nerve palsy, erythema, swelling, granulation tissue, ulcerations