1st management test

101 cards·by katiedotson

management

attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organ. resour

organization

social entitiy that is goal directed and deliberately structured

efficiency

amount of resources used to produce a desired volume of output

effectiveness

refers to the degree to with the organization achieves a stated goal

performance

ability to attain its goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner

role

set of expectations for one's behavior

interim manager

not affiliated with any particular organization but work on a project-by-project basis or provide expertise to an organization in spec. area

customer relationship management

use info. techno. to keep in close touch with customers

customer relationship management

use info. techno. to keep in close touch with customers

outsourcing

contracting out selected functions or activies to other organizations that can do work more efficiently

social forces

aspects of society that guide/influence relationships among people, such as values, needs, and behavior

political forces

relate influence of political/legal institutions on people/ organizations

economic forces

affect availabilty production, and distribution of a society's resources

classical perspective

rational, scientific approach to managementand sought to make organiza. effiecient operating machines

scientific management

subfield of classi. perspecive : emphasizes scientifically determined changes in manage. practives as the solution to improving labor produ.

bureaucratic organizations

emphasizes manage. on impersonal , rational basis thgough eleemnts such as clearly defind authority and respobsibility

administrative principles

focuses on total organization rather than the indivi. worker and delineates the mang. fuctions

humanistic perspective

understanding human behavior, needs, and attitudes in workplace

human relations movement

stresses satisfaction of employees' basic needs as key to increased productivity

hawthorne studies

important in shaping ideas concerning how managers should treat workers

human resources perspective

suggests that jobs shoule be designed to meet people's higher-level needs by allowing employees to use their full potention

quantitative perspective

uses mathematics, stats, and tech. to facilitate management decision making

system

set of interrelated parts that function as a whole to acheive a common purpose. An organization is a system

systems thinking

looking mot just at diescret parts of an organizatoinal situation but also at the continulally changing interactions among the parts

subsystems

pasrts of system that depend on one another for functioning

syngergy

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

contigency view

tells managers what works in onr organiz. sutation might not work for another

total quality management

focuses on managing the total organization to deliver quality

organizational environment

consisting of both general/task environments

general environment

indirectly influences all organizations within an industry and includes five dimensions

task environment

includes secrots that conduct day-to-day transactions with the organizaion and directly influence its basic operations and performance

international dimension

represents events originating in foreign countries as well as opportuniites in foreign countries

technological dimension

(of general environment) includes scientifics and techno. advances in society

sociocultural dimension

includes demographic charac., norms, customs, and values of a population within which the organization operates

economic dimension

represents the general econom health of country

legal-political dimension

includes gov. regulations at local, state, and fed. levels as well as political activities designed to influence compan. behavior

pressure groups

work withink legal-political framework to influence companies to behave in socially responsible ways

internal environment

includes elements within the organizations boundaries

natural dimension

includes all elementa that occur naturall on earth

customers

park of task environ, and include ppl and organizations that acquire goods/servies from organization

competitors

organizations within same industry or type of business that compete for same set of customers

suppliers

provide raw materials the organ. uses to produce output

labor market

represents ppl available for hire by organization

merger

occurs when 2+ organizations combine to become one

joint venture

strategic alliance or program by two+ organizations

culture

set of key values, beliefs, understandings, norms, shared by members of an organization

symbol

object, act, or event that conveys meaning to others

story

narrative based on true evenets and is repeated frequently and shared among organizational employees

hero

figure who exemplifies the deeds, character, and attributes of a strong culture

slogan

succintly expresses key corporate value

ceremonies

planned activities at special events, to reinforce company values

adaptability culture

values that support company's ability to interpret and translate signals from environ. into new behavior responses

achievement culture

results-oriented culture that values competitiveness, personal initiative, and achievement

involvement culture

culture that places high value on meeting the needs of employees/values cooperation and equality

consistency culture

values and rewards methodical, rational, orderly way of doing things

high-performance culture

managers emphasize both values and business results

cultural leaders

define/ articulate important values that are tied to a clear and compelling mission

globilization

extent to which trade and investments, information, ideas, and political cooperation flow between countries

global outsourcing

(aka offshoring) engaging in internaional divison of labor so as to obtain te cheapest sources of labor and supplies, relgardless of country

market entry strategies

various tactics managers use to enter foreign markets

exporting

marker entry strategy where company maintains profuction facilities w/i its home country and transfers prodicts for sale in foreign countrie

countertrade

barter of products for other products rather than the sale of products for currency

international management

management of business operations conducted in more than one country

infrastructure

country's physical facilities such as highways, utlitles, ex.

political risk

company's risk of loss of assets, earning power, or managerial control due to politically based events or actions by host governments

political instability

events such as riots, revolutions, or govt upheavals that can affect the operations of an int'l company

power distance

degree to which ppl accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and ppl

uncertainty avoidance

characterized by ppls intolerance for uncertainty and ambiguaity and resulting support for beliefs that promise vertainty and conformity

indicidualism

preference for a loosely knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves

collectivism

preference for a tightly knit social framework in which individuals looks after one another and organi. protect members interests

masculinity

cultural pref. for achievment, heroism, assertiveness, work centrality, and material success

femininity

cultural pref. foe relationships, cooperation, group decision making and quality of life

long term orientaion

greater concern for future and high value on thrugt and perseverance

short term orientation

concern with past and present and high value on meeting current obligations

high context culture

one which ppl use communication to build personal relationships

low-context culture

ppl use communication primarily to exchange facts/info

ethnocentrism

natural tendency among ppl to regard their own culture as superior to others

cultural intelligence

persons ability to use reasoning and observation to interpret culturally unfamiliar situations and know how to respond appropriately

culture shock

feelings/confusion, disorientation, anxiety that result form being constantly confronted w/ unfamiliar cues about how to behave

euro

sinle european currency that has replace the currencies of 16 EU member nations

bottom of pyramid ( BOP)

corporations can alleviate poverty and other social ills, as well as make significantprogits, by selling to the world

ethics

code of moral principles/ values that governs behaviors of a person/group with respect to what is right/wrong

ethnical dilemma

situation in which all alternative choices or behaviors have potentially negative consequences. right/wrong cant be distinguished clearly

utilitarian approach

ethical choice is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number

individualism approach

actions are ethical when they promote individuals best long term interests, because w/ everone pursuing self-inretest, greater good is serve

moral rights approach

ethical decisions are those that best maintain the fundamental rights of ppl affected by them

justice approach

ethical decisions must be based on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality

distributive justice

different treatment of indivi. not be based on arbitraty charact.

procedural justice

rules should be clearly stated and consistently/ impartially enforced

compensatory justice

individuals should be compensate for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible

virtue ethics approach

moral behavior stems from personal virtues.

practical approach

what is right, good, or just , and bases decisions on prevailing standards of profession and larger societ taking interests of all stakehole

coporate social responsibility

obligation of organizational managers to make choices and take actions that will enhanve the welfare and interests of society as well as org

stakeholder

any group w/i or outside the organization that has a stake in organiz. performace

sustainability

economic develop. that generates wealth and meets needs of the current population while preserving the environ. for the needs of future gen

discretionary responsibility

purely voluntary and is guided by the organization's desire to make social contributions not mandated by economics, laws or ethics

code of ethics

formal statement of organizations values regarding ethics and social issues

ethics committee

group of executives charged with overseeing company ethics by ruling on questionable issues and disciplining violators

chief ethics officer

manager who oversees all aspects of ethics and legal compliance

ethics training

used to help employees deal with ethical questions and translate values stated in code of ethics into evertday behavior

whistle-blowing

disclosure by employees of unethical illegitimate, or illegal practives by the organization