8th Grade Science Earth Formation

a force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume

the stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions

the stress force that pulls the crust, stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle

the stress force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

any change in the volume or shape of the Earth's crust

a break in the Earth's crust where slabs of crust slip past each other

this occurs along plate boundaries, where teh forces of plate motion compress, pull, or shear the crust

the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down motion

The fault is at an angle, so one block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below the fault

The half of the fault that lies below

The half of the fault that lies below

Has the same structure as a nomral fault, but the blocks move in opposite directions

bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of Earth's crust

a large are of flat land elevated high above sea level

The point beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake

The point on the surface directly above the focus

These carry energy of an earthquake away from the focus, through the Earth's interior, and across the surface

Earthquake waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion

Earthquake waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down

When P waves and S waves reach the surface some of the are transformed to surface waves. They move more slowly than P and S but more severe

records the ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth

a measurement of earthquake strength based on waves and movement

developed in the 20th century to rate earthquake according to their intensity

a scale to rate intensity of e-quakes

E-quake that occurs after a large equake in the same area

Water displaced by the quake that forms a large wave

Cone shaped mountains where magma, solids, and gas are spewed

Volacones form along mid-ocean ridge and lava pours out of cracks in the floor

Volcanoes where oceanic plates collide, creating trenches that melt and form magma

molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle

When magma reaches the surface

Major Volcanic belt in the Pacfic Ocean

The resulting volcanoes that create a string of islands

An are where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a flow torch

Beneath the volcno where magma collects in a pocket

A long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to the Earth's surface

Molton rock and gas leave the volcano through a vent

The area covered by lava as it pours out of a vent

A bowl shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the volcanoes central vent

A material that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon is one of the most abundant matierals in the Earth's crust and mantle

Fast moving hot lava

Lava that is cooler and slower

When an explosive eruption hurls out ash, cinder, and bombs as well as gases

A live volcano

Sleeping Volcano

Sleeping Volcano

Volcano that is unlikely to erupt

ground water heated by a nearby body of magma rising to the surface

Places on the earth's surface; thin layers of lava pour out of a vent and harden on top of previous layers.