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Chapter 11: Medication Administration
paramedic studies
62 cards·by nasonrumfield
2017
What unit of measure indicates "drops?"
gtt
What is the onset of action for drugs taken orally?
30-90 minutes
What is the human body's "TBW?"
Total Body Water - it constitutes 60% of the weight of an adult
What accounts for 45% of our body weight?
Intracellular Fluid
What percentage of the body is made up of solids?
40%
What accounts for 15% of our body weight?
Extracellular Fluid
If an electrolyte has an overall "positive" charge, what is it called?
Cation
If an electrolyte has an overall "negative" charge, what is it called?
Anion
What accounts for 10.5% of our body weight?
Interstitial Fluid
What accounts for 4.5% of our body weight?
Intravascular Fluid
What is the concentration of glucose in the blood?
70-110 mg per 100 mL
What is an example of a "compound?"
Water and Electrolytes
What is the concentration of sodium in the cells of the body?
0.9%
What kind of patient would "overhydration" occur in?
Those with impaired kidney function, or anyone given fluid beyond what the body can excrete
What age groups are dehydration most commonly a chronic condition in?
The elderly and the young
What are examples of "hypertonic" solutions?
9.0% saline, blood products, albumin
What happens when a hypertonic solution is introduced into the vascular compartment?
Water is drawn out of the cell and the cell may collapse from the increased extracellular
osmotic pressure
What is intravascular fluid a carrier for?
Red and white blood cells
What are inorganic molecules that do not contain carbon?
Electrolytes
What are the OUTER components of a long bone?
Hyaline cartilage, epiphysis, diaphysis
What are the INNER components of a long bone?
Spongy bone, compact bone, marrow cavity, red marrow, periosteum, nutrient vessel
What are the common sites for intramuscular injection?
Deltoid, Gluteus Maximus, Vastus Lateralis, Rectus Femoris
What may a patient with a history of respiratory problems carry with them on a regular basis?
Metered-dose Inhaler
What is a intravenous solution that contains large molecules such as proteins?
Colloid Solutions
What does "primum non nocere" mean?
"The first thing is to do no harm"
How many milliliters are in a teaspoon? A tablespoon? And a cup?
5 mL - 15 mL - 240 mL
What is required for effective absorption of meds given by subcutaneous and intramuscular
routes?
Adequate Peripheral Perfusion
What kind of skin should you not give subcutaneous or intramuscular injections to?
Hardened, bruised, red, or stained
What is the onset of action for intraosseous?
30-60 seconds
What is the onset of action for intravenous?
30-60 seconds
What is the onset of action for endotracheal?
2-3 minutes
What is the onset of action for inhalation?
2-3 minutes
What is the onset of action for nasal mucosal atomization?
3-5 minutes
What is the onset of action for sublingual?
3-5 minutes
What is the onset of action for intramuscular injection?
10-20 minutes
What is the onset of action for subcutaneous injection?
15-30 minutes
What is the onset of action for drugs administered rectally?
5-30 minutes
What is the onset of action for drugs applied topically?
minutes to hours
How many liters of fluid do we lose daily through urine output, exhalation, and through our
skin?
2 to 2.5L
What is considered the "preferred" route for IV fluids and medications?
Cannulation of a peripheral vein
What does "cc" stand for? And how many milliliters is it equivalent to?
Cubic Centimeters - 1 mL
To convert a patient's weight from pounds to kilograms, what number would you divide by?
2.2
What mathematical equation would you use to find out the "concentration" of a drug?
Total weight of the drug (divided by) total volume in milliliters = weight per mL
What mathematical equation would you use to calculate the volume to be administered?
Desired dose (divided by) concentration of drug on hand
What mathematical equation would you use to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
Subtract 32, then multiply by 0.555
What are the orogastric and nasogastric administration methods used for?
To decompress the stomach, perform gastric lavage, or establish route for enteral
medication administration
When would rectal med administration be used?
When you are unable to establish IV or IO access
What routes are considered a "parental route?"
Intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraosseous, and percutaneous
What is the difference between withdrawing medicine from a single-dose vial vs. a
multiple-dose vial?
In a single-dose vial, you draw up the entire amount - In a multiple-dose vial, you draw up only
the amount needed
On average, how many milliliters of a med would be found in an "Ampule?"
1-10 mL
What are some examples of drugs that may need to be "reconstituted?"
Methylprednisolone, sodium succinate, and glucagon
What is "Drug Reconstitution?"
Injecting sterile water into a vial of powdered medicine and shaking to mix it
When injecting "intradermally" what areas should you avoid? And why?
Areas that contain superficial blood vessels - So to minimize risk of systemic med absorption
What are some examples of single-dose disposable medication cartridges?
Tubex, Aboject, and Carpuject
At what angle is the needle inserted when using the intradermal method?
10-15 degrees
At what angle is the needle inserted when using the subcutaneous method?
45 degrees
At what angle is the needle inserted when using the intramuscular method?
90 degrees
What can increase the speed of transdermal absorption?
Intentional overdose, or thin skin
What can decrease the speed of transdermal absorption?
Thick skin, scar tissue, and peripheral vascular disease
What specific patient would the method of injecting a med into the venous plexus under the
tongue be useful?
A patient that has overdosed on heroin
What non-tunneling devices are most commonly used?
PICC (peripheral inserted central catheters) - CVC (central venous catheters)
What two factors should be considered when choosing an IV catheter?
gauge and length