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Drug
Chemical that alters processes in body
Pharmacology
Study of drugs
Clinical pharmacology
study of drugs in humans
Therapeutics (pharmacotherapeutics)
study of drugs to prevent disease, treat disease, prevent pregnancy diagnose disease
3 most important properties of an ideal drug
effectiveness, safety, and selectivity
reversible action
undo what drug does
predictbility
predict what drug will do
ease of administration
how drug is givin
Freedom from drug interaction
interaction of drugs to create a different effect
low cost
allows people to afford the drug
chemical stability
if combined with something else it could affect the chemical stability or if says keep in
fridge and it is kept at room temp
therapeutic objective of droug therapy is to...
to provide maximum benefit with minimum harm
ethnopharmacology
social, cultural, biological factors that can affect the drug
pharmacogenetics
inherit a gene that affects how drug may work in the body
pharmacogenomics
environmental factors: interaction between genes and environment & how body responds to
drug based on interaction between genes &environment
1962: Kefauver-Harris Amendments
required drug manufacturers to prove that drug is effective before being approved b FDA and
mad them adequately advertise side effects
1970: Controlled Substance Act
Narcotics help to regulate and address increasing issue of drug abuse and those highly
addictive
2007: FDA Amendments Act
drug companies have to do post marketing risk surveillance (can't stop doing research on drug
after it is on market)
2010: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
makes healthcare more affordable to general population and quality of healthcare
Chemical Name
scientific long name (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol)
Generic Name
"Fancy Name"- the active ingredient in the drug
Trade Name
what the public will call it
Problem with generic names
more complicated than trade names
Big problems with trade names
1 drug can have multiple tradenames,other countries may not use same US trade name,OTC prod w/
same trade name may have diff. active ingredi
Nursing Process
ANPIE - Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, Implementations & Nursing
Interventions, Evaluation
Assessment
Collecting baseline data, identifying high risk patients, capacity for self care (don't
want to give drug patient can't give self)
Nursing Diagnosis
a non-medical diagnosis based on patient's assessment data
Planning
Goal Setting: patient centered, realistic, acceptable to patient & nurse, shared w/
providers & family, identifies evaluation methods
5 rights of medication administration
right drug, right patient, right dose, right route, right time
5 plus 5 rights
assessment, education, evaluation, documentation, right to refusal
PRN: pro re nata
means as needed
Patient Education
drug name, dosage size, dosing schedule, route, expected & therapeutic response & when it
should be seen,nondrug measures 2 enhance response
Evaluation
Patient adherence, satisfaction with treatment, implementing nondrug measures
Minimizing Adverse Drug Interactions
take drug history, advise no OTC drugs, monitor for known adverse interactions, be alert for
as yet unknown interactions