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3rd Qtr Study Guide
51 cards·by markbuda
the process by which an organisms internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in
the external environment
homeostasis.
A tiny blood vessel where substance are exchanged between the blood and the body cells
capillaries
A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
arteries
small knobs of tissue that filter the lymph as it passes through, trapping bacteria and other
disease causing microorganisms in the fluid
lymph nodes
is a condition in which an artery wall thickens due to the buildup of fatty materials
atherosclerosis
a disorder in which a personʼs blood pressure is consistently higher than normal.
hypertension
bodyʼs disease fighters
white blood cells
process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside
cells
respiration
large, dome shaped muscle at the base of the lungs
diaphram
irritation of the breathing passage
bronchitis
difficult to detect early enough for effective treatment
lung cancer
A sacklike muscular organ that stores urine until eliminated from the body
urinary bladder
A flap of tissue that seals off your windpipe, preventing the food from entering
epiglottis
two folds of connective tissue that stretch across the opening of the larynx
vocal cords
is located at the top of the trachea
larynx
The process by which wastes are removed from the body
excretion
A form of energy that travels in waves
xray
An injury in which a bone comes out of it’s joint
dislocation
The 26 bones that makes up the backbone of an animal
vertebrea
A condition in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily
osteoporosis
A method for taking images of both the bones and soft tissues of the body
MRI
A pigment that gives the skin it’s color
melanin
millions of tiny finger shaped structures covering the lining of the small intestine
villi
Is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one Degree Celsius
calorie
The fluid released when your mouth waters
saliva
Involuntary waves of muscle contractions
peristalsis
Thick, slippery substance produced by the body
mucus
Substance that breaks up fat particles in the stomach
bile
Triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine
pancreas
The upper two chambers of the heart
atria
The process by which the body breaks down food into smaller nutrient molecules
digestion
How do we get needed substances to our cells?
blood carries it through the circulatory system
What can you do to strengthen your heart muscle?
Regular exercise
What is your heart doing when your pulse rate gets faster?
Beating faster, pumping more blood
Why should you avoid foods high in fat?
they can lead to atherosclerosis
When atherosclerosis develops in the arteries of your heart, what could happen?
Heart Attack
What is the job of the respiratory system?
bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide and water
What do you produce during the process of respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
What is located around the alveolus?
capillaries
What is the job of the excretory system?
remove waste
What is the job of the kidneys?
remove urea and other waste from the blood
What are the organs of the excretory system that help maintain homeostasis?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
How do dairy products help maintain healthy bones?
diary products are high in calcium which help to strengthen the bone
How can you make your bones grow stronger and denser?
regular exercise and proper nutrition
How do your muscles work together?
as one contracts the other relaxes to its normal length
How can you maintain strength and flexibility in your muscles?
regular exercise and stretching
The human body needs about how much water a day?
2 liters
What happens in the large intestine?
water is absorbed into the blood stream and remaining material readied for elimination
Where do we get our energy to fuel our body?
from the foods that we eat. (Calories)
Where does most of the chemical digestion take place?
small intestine
For all our body processes to take place, what nutrients do we need?
carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water