anthropology test 1

45 cards·by Rbuck

natural selection

genetic changes in the frequences certain traits in populations due to differential reproductive success between individuals *darwin/walllac

theory

hypothesis that has been well supported by ecidence and experimental testing

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

theory of inheritance of aquired characteristics (used/disuse)

Scientific method

have a research ?, hypothesis formed data gathered/analyzed

catastrophism

view that the earth geological landscape is the result of violent cataclysmic events *georges cuvier

adaptation

functional response of organizms or populations to the enviroment

polygenic trait

influenced by more than one gene *change by enviorment

genotype

to the genetic makeup of an individual

geological time scale

organization of eart history into eras, periods, and epochs

macroevolution

changes produced only after many generations; speciation

codominance

expression of both alleles in heterozygotes (neither dominant/recessive thus both influence phenotype)

biological anthropology

study of humans as biological organisms including evolution & contemporary variation ex human fossils

derived

characters that are modified from the ancestral condition & thus are diagnostic of particular evoll lineages *modified

mutation

a change in dna, changes in chromosomes number structure, change in dna base

biocultural evolution

the mutual, interactive evolution of human biology and culture

what are the 4 subfields of anthropology

cultural, archaeology, linguistic, biological

microevolution

small changes occuring within species

mendelian traits

characteristics that are influenced by alleles at only one genetic locus ex bloodtypes, genetic disorder

stress

physiological context, any factor that acts to disrupt homeostasis

biological continuity

idea that organisms are related through common ancestory & that traits present in once species *darwin

acclimization

physiological response to changes in the enviorment tha occur duing ones lifetime, temporary or permenant

phenotype

teh observable or detecatable phsyical characteristics of an orangisms

gene

segment of dan that dictates the sequence of amino acids in a particular protein

archaeology

study of past human cultures through their remains

cultural anthropology

study of contemporary people and their cultures

speciation

the process by which a new species evolves from a prior species

genetics

the study of gene structure & action and of the patterns of inheritance of traits from parent to offspring

reproductive success

the number of offspring an individual prodcues & rears to reproductive age *darwin*

taxonomy

branch of science that classifies organisms on the basis of evolutionary relationship *Linnaeus*

heterodont

having different types of teeth

evolution

change in the genetic structure of a population from one generation to the next

hypothesis

a testable explanation of phenomen a

endothermic

able to internally regulate body temperature

classifcication

ordering of organisms into categories, such as orders, families at genera to show revolutionary relationship

polytypic species

composed of local population that differ in the expression of one or more train

recessive

trait that isnt express in heterozygotes

uniformatiarianism

theory that earths features are the result of long term process that continue to operate as they did in the past *Lyell

dominant

governed by an allele that can be expressed in the presence of another different allele

species

group of organisms that can only reproduce among themselves

human genome project

an international effort that has mapped the entire human genome

linquistic anthropology

study of communication. language development, how language changes, language survival

homologies

similarites based on a common ancestor (birds and bats)

binomial nomenclature

"two names" genus and species names are used to refer to species *linnaeus*

ancestral

characters inherited by group of organisms from a remote ancestor of groups diverged after the character appeared *primitive

analogies

similarites based on common function with no assumed common evolutionary descent (birds and butterflies)