Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

1. Desmosome (anchoring junctions)

Extracellular materials are first bound by specific receptor proteins and then brought into cells via coated vesicles

Extracellular fluids (including small particles in a solution) are collected in a vesicle, A.K.A. cell drinking

Large, solid material engulfed into a food vacuoule, A.K.A. cell eating

1. Phagocytosis 2. Pinocytosis 3. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Invaginates to form a vesicle that brings substances into the cell

-Membranous secretory vesicles forrmed from the Golgi Apparatus fuse w/ plasma membrane and secrete contents from the cell

The relative solute concentrartion of a surrounding solutions

-Involves movement of ions or small molecules agains their [] gradient, requires ATP, Solues bind w/ transport protein that functions as pum

Small molecules combine w/ specific carrier proteins

Ions (H2O) flow through specific channel proteins

-Involves movement of ions or small molecules that can't diffuse directly through the bilayer, NO ATP Required

-[] of solutes higher than inside the cell -Causes H2O to diffuse out of cells into solutions

-when the cell shrinks, occurs in animal cells only

-Cells shrinks, occurs only in plants

-[] of solutes lower than inside cells -causes H2O to diffuse from solution into cells -could cause some cell types to burst (osmotic lysis)

Solute and H2O [] are = on both sides of the membrane (no net flow of H2O) (Iso=same)

The pressure that develops in a cell due to osmotic flow of water across the membrane

Diffusion of H2O across a selectively permeable membrane. Membrane is permeable to H2O but not to all solues

Achieved when net movement stops and solute [] is uniform (concentration gradient iseliminated)

Net movement of molecules from areas of high [] to low [], molecules move randomly due to kinetic energy

ATP required, Moves substances against their [] gradient, involes an ATP driven pump or vesicles

-No ATP req. Molecules follow their [] gradient from high to low

Allow some substances to cross the membrane freely and prevent passage of other substances

May be continuoues w/ the cytoskeleton and connects cells together

-Glycoproteins that provide cell w/ a unique chemical ID, Help organism distinguis own cells from foreign ones

-Bind w/ specific messenger molecule outside the cell and triggers a response (signal transduction)

Catalyze metabolic reactions at the membrane surface

-Control movement of ions & molecules across the membrane, may be channel proteins, carrier proteins or energy driven pumps

Embedded in the membrane and they have carbohydrate chains attached

Are found on or near the inner or outer membrane surface

1. Transmembrane Proteins 2. Lipic-anchored proteins (lipoproteins)

1. Integral Proteins 2. Peripheral Proteins 3. Glycoproteins

External & internal surface are line w/ hydrophilic (polar) heads & hydrophobic (nonpolar) tails

Present in all cells, separetes internal & external env. Regulates passage of materials in/out of cells, does specific functions

Req. ATP 1. Active Transport 2. Endocytosis & Exocytosis

NO ATP REQ. 1. Simple Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Facilitated Diffusion