Sociology

44 cards·by xEricca

What was the main point of each of the assigned articles and the viedeos shown in class?

race is a social construct, men are raised in a culture of violence, this is an issue. and the show inherent competitiveness

What important ecological system is being destryoed in our rush to create more space for building new homes and shopping malls?

Deforestation

What recent catastophe or catastophes have been attributed to global warming?

Deforestation, Green house effect (Burning of fossil fuels putting CO2 in the atmosphere, raising the earth's temp.

Which products of industrializations first lowered the mortality rates in Western Europe in the mid to late 1800's?

plumbing

According to a rcent scientific study, what will happen if global temperatures rise another 9 degrees Farenheit?

Global warming could cut population to 1 billion.

Why is it dangerous if much more of the polar ice sheets melt?

They reflect the sun's rays, and raise the water levels if melted.

What is the greenhouse effect, and what is it's connection to global warming?

CO2 emmisions are released into the atmosphere, and cannot escape due to the ozone layer, causing the temperature to rise on earth.

What problems does the hole in the ozone level cause?

Skin cancer, crop death, heat stroke, other heat related issues

How much more greenhouse gases does the average American produce than the average human?

5 times

What explains the rising rates of skin cancer in the US?

Hole in the ozone layer (depletion)

What is the criminal justice code that is popularly referred to as the "Three strikes law" legally called?

Mandatory sentencing

Which types of crimes are tracked in the index of crime?

Violent and Non violent crimes (Against people) Murder, rape, robbery (Against Property) Burgarly, theft, motor vehicle theft, etc.

how are norms different from laws?

Norms are things set in place by society that people follow, whereas laws are put in place by specific politcal organizations

What theory did merton use to explain the phenomenon of ethnic minorities who get caught up in organized crime?

Merton's theory of structural strain

Sociologically speaking, how does deviance differ from crime?

Deviance is normal and expected (Durkehim) Where as crime is something you receive punishment for and know the risks involved

How does the African American family structure partially explain their high poverty rate?

African American women turn to motherhood first because they don't see opportunities for themselves in education

According to the chapter on the family, what is the sandwhich generation?

When adults find themselves caring for their adolescent children as well as their aging parents

ACcording to the chapter on the family, what is an intentional community?

When people living in a home have the same goals to achieve (Pursue)

According to the chapter on the family, why is the US's high divorce rate a problem for social scientist?

"family" becomes very diverse and does not make sociological sense to study it.

How dooes the nuclear family structure differ from that of the extended family?

Nuclear: Mom, dad, kids. Extended: aunts, uncles, grandma, grandpa

According to the chapter on crime and deviance, how does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance?

primary deviance: Normal and expected, no intention to get caught. Secondary deviance: Deviance in response to another person's actions.

According to Travis Hirschi, which young people are more likely to conform to society's rules?

People who are involved in extra curricular activities, those who are close with their family, and those who take morals and values strongly

What is a major factor in the production of social movements and upheavals?

Social misery, social economic deprivation

Why are brith rates and family size decreasing in the developing areas of the world?

minimal acces to foods leads to population drop. Leads to degradating of the environment.

What things explain the high domestic violence rates that afflict cohabiting moms in the US?

Women cohabiting over 1 year are 2-3x more likely to get hit hard by their men than woman who have been married over 1 year.

How did the average at first marriage for women in the US change over the last half century?

Average age at first marriage: 27ish. It has gone up over the last fifty years.

In 2011, 40% of all US births were to unwed women. Why is this a problem for sociologists?

Social- too busy to have children. Economical- Single income. Emotional- Anxiety, stress, etc

According to the chapter on the family what % of women reported being physically assaulted by an intimate parter?

80% spousal abuse victims were female. Women between 20-24 most frequently victims of domestic abuse.

According to Merton, how are innovators different that rebels?

Innovators- See things in the way of goals and want to achieve them (education) Rebels change the rules themselves to fit their own needs

How does labeling theory explain deviance?

Whena person is labeled deviant, their are more likely to commit deviant acts (crime)

How does social control theory differ from other theories of deviance?

Those inclined to be in positions of power and have the means to get there are the ones who make the rules that deviants don't like to follo

Why do state prisons and the US criminal justice system appear to be so ineffective in lowering our homicide rate?

Many more serious crimes can't be solved, harsh sentencing is not strong detterent, drug repression is more important.

How do sociologists define social change?

The alternation of mechanisms within the social structure, characterized by changes in culture, value systems, behavior, etc

According to the textbook, what is the primary source of change in society for Karl Marx?

How we produce and exchange goos is necessary for our survival. Econimic forces of production, communal relations, historical materialism.

How do sociologists define a social movement?

Present and organized effot on the part of a relatively large number of people to bring about or resist change, occurs overtime

What kind of conditions are most favorable to the occurrence of a social revolution?

Good organizational forms, proper resources, common interests, turning points

What social factors excercise the greatest effect on the birth rate in a society?

Affluence and individualistic lifestyles?

Which theory best explains why the earth's human population is gradually stablilizing rather than continuing to grow exponentially?

Deomographic Transition Theory

What is causing the problem of desertification?

Long term loss of top soil, overgrazing, poor irrigation, poisoning of soil, strip mining.

What is the biggest problem for human if the tropical rainforests are destroyed?

Earth becomes warmer due to flat lang, no rain created from humidity in rain forests?

According to the chapter on crime and deviance, what happened to the US violent crime rate in the period of 1994-2005?

In 1994, 37% named crime and violence as the most important problem. 2% in 2004.

What three things explain the recent explosion of the US prison population between 1972, and 2008?

Anti drug abuse act of 1986, sentencing reform act of 1984, 3 strikes law.

What types of families existed in the US in 2012, and how many Americans lived in each type?

6.1 other non families, 15.2 women living alone, 12.3 men living alone, 17.8 other family, 29.1 married no kids, 19.6 married w/ children

Which types of crimes happen most often in the US?

14% property crime, 13.9% drug abuse, 9.9% driving under influence, 9.8 other assaults, 4.5% violent crime