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Biology Chapter 21 (Module 5)
29 cards·by happylittletrees19
biology 2mr. thomasneccplants
What does haploid mean?
They contain one set of chromosomes - n
What does diploid mean?
They contain two sets of chromosomes – 2n
What is a sporophyte?
A grown plant body embryo developed from a zygote.
What are haploid plants called?
Gametophytes.
What happens when a diploid plant undergoes meiosis?
It forms haploid (n) spores.
How do haploid gametophytes form haploid gametes?
Through mitosis.
What do plant roots help to do?
Stabilize soil.
What do dead plant materials help to do?
Promote soil development through natural composting events.
What are other ecological roles for plants?
The capture of energy and maintenance of atmospheric concentrations of oxygen.
Where do plants have their origin?
In the photosynthetic protists.
What is thought that the first plants lacked?
Roots, stem, leaves, and complex reproductive structures.
What is one advantage of plants moving from an aquatic existence to a terrestrial one?
Increased availability of light.
What were the challenges of plants moving from water to land?
Increased gravity, dehydration, loss of a constant bath of nutrients, and loss of a medium
that would easily transport gametes.
What were the adaptations that all plants developed when moving from water to land?
Roots, waxy cuticle, stomata, and protected embryos.
What were the adaptations that SOME SPECIES of plants developed when moving from water to
land?
Conducting vessels, and lignin.
What do roots allow the plant to do?
Obtain nutrients and water in the soil.
What does the waxy cuticle do?
It covers leaves and prevents water loss due to excessive evaporation.
What are closeable stomata?
Pores that exist on the underside of the leaf that allow gas exchange when conditions allow.
Which species contain conducting vessels and lignin?
The vascular species.
What do conducting vessels allow the plant to do?
Transport water and minerals from the root system to the stems and leaves, and from the leaves
to the rest of the plant.
What does lignin do?
Help support the plant.
What ways do plants protect embryos?
Pollen production, ova, seeds, flowers and fruits.
What are some nonvascular plants?
Liverworts and mosses.
What are some vascular plants?
Ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
What is it believed that plants evolved from?
A freshwater species of algae.
Nonvascular plants are?
Nonvascular plants are the bryophytes.
What do the vascular plants contain?
The ferns, conifers and flowering plants.
What do bryophytes lack?
True roots, stems and leaves and require a moist environment in order to reproduce.
What are bryophytes anchored with?
Structures called rhizoids which bring water and nutrients inward.