Botany Final

Evolution and on

61 cards·by browncl4

What is a population?

A group of interbreeding individual organisms of the same species Ex: sugar maples

What are the five steps of the "Scientific Method?"

1.Formulate the hypothesis 2.Develop a group of hypotheses 3.Test the hypothesis 4.Make Predictions about the hypothesis 5.Test Predictions

"Evolution" can be briefly described as......

"Decent with change" Theory of where we came from?

What are the 3 parts of the Synthetic Theory of Evolution?

1.genetic variation 2.differential reproduction 3. reproductive isolation

Define "Landscape Ecology"

The study of interelated ecosystems in a landscape

How does human settlement affect landscape variation?

-initially increases in variation/diversity -later variation/diversity decreases

Name two dominant herbs of the Grassland.

Tall Grass Prairie the dominant species is the Big Blue Stem. Mixed Grass Prairie the dominant species are little blue stems

Name a common mammal of the grasslands.

buffalo, coyote, etc.

Approximately, when did the "Dust Bowl" occur?

1930's

List 2 of the three agengencies we discussed that have jurusdiction over public lands.

BLM and NPS

What are the layers of vegetation in the grasslands?

Tall Big Blue Stem, forbes-herbious layer and surface layer

The soil of the Artic Tundra is ___ in nutrients.

low

True or False...the world's oldest organism ia a giant sequoia.

false

True or False...Motane vegetation occurs in the Rocky Mtns.

True

True or False...Arctic tundra occurs in high latitudes.

True

True or False...Redwoods are dominant species in the Northwest Coastal Coniferous Forrest.

True

____ is cyclic.

Matter flow

True or False...Old growth forests are basically dead because the trees are old and have stopped growing.

False

True or False..."deciduous growth form" is a plant adaptation that helps trees "cope" with the extreme cold of the tundra.

False

True or False..."Slash is what is left over after a tree is cut down and the trunl is hauled away.

True

True or False...The soil in the Alpine Tundra is thin, dry and rocky

True

Compared to other methods of logging, the selective cut method usually results in________.

fewer regeneration problems, sustained yield and higher costs per unit of lumber produced

The Alaska oil pipeline was designed to avoid problems with_____.

large primary consumers and melting permafrost

Dominant species of the Montane Coniferous Forest include______.

Sitka Spruce

In comparison with artic tundra, alpine tundra has____.

more intense solar radiation

Human impact in the Alpine Tundra has included______.

livestock grazing

Characteristic woody plants of the tundra include____.

shrubs

Matter flow in a forrest is ___.

cyclic

Polygons are found in ____.

Artic Tundra

Fire is a common distribance regime in the_____.

NW Coniferous forest

What is the difference between an association and a biome?

An association is a group of stands. A biome is group of formations.

What's the difference btwn a population and a community?

A population is a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species. A community is a group of individuals in a certain area.

What are the three measurements we use to determine the relative importance of a species in a particular area?

Density, Size and Frequency

There are 5 basic trophic levels in a typical food web. They are: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tetiary consumer and___.

under ground decomposers

The arrangement of vegetation into layers in a forest is called ____.

Stratification

What are the layers in the NW Coniferous Forest?

1.Canopy (sequias) 2.Shrub 3.Herb 4.Surface Layer- Mosses and Lichens

What are the layers in the Boreal Forest?

1.canopy 2.shrub 3.herbious layer 4.moss & lichens

What are the 2 types of sucession?

Primary and Secondary

____ is a type of sucession beginning on new, unoccupied surfaces.

Primary

Give an example of a distribance that would start the process of secondary sucession.

Strong winds

Describe and tell where would you find permafrost?

below active layer, Artic Tundra

Describe and tell where would you find serotinus cones?

(need fire)->Northwest Coastal Coniferous Forest

Describe and tell where would you find Krumholtz?

wind blown, ragid & low to grand, Boreal or Montane

List 3 ways plants are distributed in in area (in terms of structure) and indicate which one of 3 is most common?

Random, Regular and Clumped (clumped is most common)

What is (in terms of technique, environmental impact and economics) clear cut logging?

Clear cut logging is faster in technique, horrible for the environment and doesn't cost much.

What is a tree that loses it's leaves at least once a year?

deciduous

What is a non woody plant?

herbaceous

What is the process of sugars being transported throughout the plant?

translocation

What is a plant that bears seeds on exposed surfaces?

gymnosperm

True or False...When testing alternative hypotheses, scientists attempt to prove which hypothesis is correct.

False

Scentific theories are

hypotheses that are so well tested that additional research is unlikely to overturn them

What is the difference btwn "micro evolution and macro evolution"?

micro evolution(within the species) macroevolution(of new species)

What is a second copy of an identical gene?

allele

What are all the genes of the population?

gene pool

What are 3 pieces of information about the plants in a study area are required to establish domainance?

Size, frequency and density

What are 3 types of photosynthesis?

C3, C4 and CAM

What are grasses and tropical plants?

What are most of the desert plants?

CAM

What is soil?

mineral particles from rock weathering

What are the horizon layers of soil?

o horizon, a horizon, b horizon, c horizon and bedrock

A leaf is attached to the stem at the ____.

node