Politcal Science test 2

25 and citizenship

Allows for the direct election of US Senators by the people of a state. Before that they were selected by state legislators.

Congress's right to pass laws neccesary and proper based on validity in time and carrying out expressed powers

districts taking up all of the state or most of the state

drawing legislative district boundaries in a way to gain political advantage

FDR's unsuccessful proposal in 1937 to permit appointment of additional justices to supreme court

the process by which seats in in the house of representatives are reassigned among states to reflect population change according to census

SC case that set "one person one vote"

congressional committee with members from both chambers most of its work involves investigation, research, or oversight of agencies

Specialized groups within standing committees

A committee of members of the House and Senate that irons out differences in similar measures that have passed both houses for 1 bill

the presiding officer of the House of Representatives and leader of the majority party in the House.

that head of the majority party in the US Senate(Not same power as speaker)

Process by senate to block or delay voting or appointment of a judge by continuously talking

ending of the fillibuster debate caused by 60 senators to vote for it

informal traditions that moderated Senators and kept them from abusing things like the right to unlimited debate.

Introduction of bill, Referral, Committee Consideration, Rules for Floor Action, Floor consideration, Conference committee, Presidential act

president can either sign the bill or veto it

Extraordinary powers that the president may use under certain conditions

A case sponsored or presented by an interest group in the court pathway with the intention of influencing public policy

Traditional deference by US senators to the wishes of their colleagues concerning the appointment of individuals to federal judge ships

A theory of restrained presidential powers; the idea that the presidents should only use the powers explicitly granted in the constitution

A theory of robust, broad presidential powers; the idea that the president only limited by explicit restrictions in the constitution

A political system in which the president the central figure and participates actively in both foreign and domestic policy

President shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed

A written argument submitted to an appellate court by those who are interested in the issue being examined not representing either party

A legal action that asks a higher court t call up a case from a lower court

the power of American judges to nullify decisions and actions by otherbranches of government 1st used in Marbury vs Madison

A legal rule established by a judicial decision that guides subsequent decisions

argues that presidential power comes from historical context including the public political commitments and the President’s political connec

serves as President of the Senate, but only votes in the Senate in the event of a tie.

were the delegates at the Constitution who pushed for a strong, independent President.

been growing in importance over the last 20 years or so.

there are state courts and federal courts, but that state courts can still be appealed to the Supreme Court if the cases touch on a federal

that the Presidency can be broken down into two categories: domestic affairs and defense/foreign policy.

that Presidents will often find domestic affairs frustrating and will turn to foreign policy instead.

Binding commitments between the united states and other countries agreed to by the president but, unlike treaties, not requiring approval

A regulation made by the president that has the effect of law

a written proclamation issued by the president regarding how the executive branch intends to interpret a new law

a law that limits the participation of federal employees in political campaigns

an employee who reports or reveals misconduct by government officials or others

Legal rules created by government agencies based on authority delegated by the legislature

the Supreme Court cases about Congress delegating the authority to make regulation to the bureaucracy

Apellate court opinions that explains the reasons for the case outcome as determined by a majority of judges

Apellate court opinion by judge who endorses the outcome decided by the majority of judges, but wants to express different reasons to justif

apellate court opinions explaining the views of one or more judges who disagree with the outcome of the case

if judges exercised will instead of judgment they would be substituting themselves for the legislature.

federal judges getting life time appointments so that they could be free to say what the law is and so that they could have advanced experti

Legal system used by the US in which a judge plays a relatively passive role as attorneys battle to protect each sides interests

Legal system in most of Europe in which a judge takes an active role in questioning witnesses and seeking to discover the truth

A theory that supreme court justices vote in order to advance their preferred goals, even if it means voting against their actual attitudes

An approach to understanding judicial decision making that emphasizes the importance of courts' structures and processes

that presidential power comes from the ability of the President to persuade through bargaining.

A legal rule established by a judicial decision that guides subsequent decisions.

A system that rewards the supporters of successful political candidates and parties with gov. jobs while firing supporters of opposing party

A gov. system employment system under which employees are hired and promoted based on qualifications and abilities. not fired for op. party

tight relationships between gov. agencies, all of whom share share an interest in policy issues and work together to shape laws and p policy

departments, independent agencies, independent regulatory commissions and gov corporations

that presidential power comes from historical context including the public political commitments and the President’s political connections

A measure passed by Congress designed to limit presidential deployment of troops unless Congress grants approval for a longer period

proposed reform for gov. officials/agencies intended to increase efficiency in administration and create closer contact with local public

process of turning some responsibilities of gov. bureaucracy over to private organizations on the assumption they're more efficient

“All legislative powers herein granted”

“executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.”

applicants for specified federal gov. jobs were supposed to be tested,demonstrate qualifications, and keep jobs based on performance

multiple political parties in one district

An approach to interpretting the US constitution that permits the meaning of the document to change with evolving events

The authority of a court to try or resolve a case being heard for the first time

The philosophy that legislators should follow the will of the people until they trulybelieveit is in the best interests to be different

The philosophy that legislators should follow their own judgement until the public becomesvocal about a particular matter

The philosophy that legislators should consider the will of the people but act in ways theybelieve best for the long term interests of US

The philosophy that legislators should adhere to the will of their constituents