microbiology unit 3 exam

71 cards·by kayleeallen27

describe the habitat that supports the growth of fungi

slightly moist with high humidity, most grow well in slightlly acidic environments. Aerobic or faculative aerobic conditions

what is the composition of fungi

cell wall made of chitin and can be uni or multicellular

what grows on living tissue

yeasts

what grows on dead and decaying matter

molds

zygomycota

bread molds: Rhizopus

ascomycota

sac fungi, septate hyphae, yeasts

basidomycota

club fungi; mushroom and puffballs

deuteromycota

fungi imperfecti, many pathogenic fungi

green algae

chlorophyta

brown algae

phaeophta

golden algae

chrysophyta

red algae

rhodophyta

dinoflagellates

pyrrophyta

what makes diatom cell walls different from other algae cell walls

silicon dioxide incorporated in the cell wall

what toxins do algae produce

neurotoxins

what type of algae produces neurotoxins

dinoflagellates eaten by shellfish

what causes taste and odor problems in water

eutrophication; excessive growth of algae

motile feeding form of protoan

trophozoites

cysts

protective resting form of protozoan

what do protozoans do in the food chain

eat bacteria and serve as food for larger species along with maintaining ecological balance in soil and water

nematodes

roundworms

cestodes

tapeworms

trematodes

flukes

what diseases do ticks cause

rocky mountain spotted fever and lyme disease

what disease does mites cause

scabies

what disease do fleas cause

plague

what disease does lice cause

typhus

what disease do flies cause

sleeping sickness

what diseases do mosquitoes cause

malaria and yellow fever

stages of the lytic cycle

attachment, penetration, transcription, replication, maturation (assembly), release

phages active during the lysogenic cycle. They integrate their DNA into the bacteria chromosome giving the bacteria new genetic properties

temperate phages

infection followed by a symptomless period then reactivation. The virus is not detected until reactivation

latent infections

the virus builds up gradually over a long period. The disease may be present or absent during extended times or may be developed later

persistent infections

herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 and shingles are examples of

latent infections

hepatitis b and c are examples of

persistent infections

wha enzyme does HIV use to make copies of itself

reverse transcripticase

caused by pneumocytis carinii fungus

pneumocystis

meninogencephalitis caused by taxoplasma gondii protozoan

taxoplasmosis

caused by myobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium avium complex

mycobacterial diseases

candida albicans fungus causes

fatal yeast infections

which virus can reassort genes

influenza virus

both microbe and host benefits

mutualism

one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

commensalism

microbe benefits while host is harmed

parasitism

pathogens that may cause disease in anyone regardless of health status

true pathogens

pathogens that cause disease when the bodys defenses are weakend or compromised

opportunistic pathogens

pathogens multiply in the blood, immediately life threatening. examples include anthrax and burn infections

septicemia

pathogen releases toxins into the blood, example tetanus

toxemia

pathogen transported in blood, but do not multiply there. examples include polio and chicken pox

bacteremia and viremia

number of new disease cases during a period of time

incidence

prevalence

total number of cases, old and new, during a period of time

disease constantly present in a population

endemic

occasional cases of a disease

sporadic

epidemic

many acquire a disease in short priod

worldwide epidemic

pandemic

nosicomial infection obtained in healthcare environment

exogenous infection

opportunistic infections caused by patients own microbiota

endogenous infection

infections resulting from medical procedures

iarogeni infections

digests tissues

hyaluronidase and collagenas

clots blood and protects from immune defenses

coagulase

dissolves the clots in blood

kinase

damages the nervous system and causes paralysis

neurotoxins

damages intestines and digestive tract and causes vomitting and diarrhea

enterotoxins

damages cells by interfering with cell function often causing lysis

cytotoxins

destroys the cell wall of bacteria

lysozyme

erythrocytes, plateles, and leukocytes

formed elements

the cells and cell fragments in plasma

formed elements

stages of phagocytosis

chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, elimination

phagocytes move through gaps and travel to damaged tissues and fight invaders

diapedesis

how does the body increase its core temperature

pyrogens trigger the hypothalamus to increase temperature

what do interferons allow celks to make to stop cells from syntheszing viruses

antiviral proteins