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Psychology
Chapter 1
26 cards·by AnnabethCerece
What is psychology?
the scientific study of human behaviors and mental processes
Define behavior
any action people can observe or measure such as walking, etc
What are cognitive activities?
Any mental process such as dreams, perceptions, thoughts, and memories
What are the five goals of psychologist?
Observe, explain predict, describe, and control behavior
How is psychology related to the natural sciences?
Psychologists seek to answer questions by following the steps involved in scientific
research; they study some of the same topics (brain)
What are the two research methods used by psychologist?
Surveys and experimentation
What are the eight major types of psychologists?
Clinical, counseling, school, educational, developmental, personality, social, and
experimental
How to psychologists and psychiatrists differ?
one gives pills the other doesn't
What group of psychologist is the largest?
Clinical at 47%
Who was Aristotle?
A greek philosopher (384 to 322 BC)
What did Aristotle contribute to the field of psychology?
He wrote Peri Psyches which translates to 'about the mind'; argued that human behavior is
subject to certain rules and laws
What did the Europeans and Middle Ages think caused mental problems?
Possession
Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
Founder of structuralism and sought to discover the basic elements of conscious experience
Who was William James?
Founded functionalism which focuses on how mental processes helped adaption to the
environment
What is structuralism?
Structuralism breaks down conscious experience into objective sensations & feelings; the
minds functions by combining these 2 basic elements
What is functionalism?
Proposes that adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained because they are
successful
Who was John B Watson?
Founded the school of behaviorism
Define behaviorism
Maintains that organisms behave in certain ways because they are reinforced by doing so; the
scientific study of observable behavior
Define reinforcement
a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
What is Gestalt psychology?
a school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful
wholes rather than broken into parts
Who was Sigmund Freud?
A Viennese physician who founded the school of psycho analysis
What is psycho analysis?
emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determining
human behvior
How did Freud's research differ from that of the structuralists, functionalists,
behaviorists, and Gestalt psychologists
Freud conducted his research thought consultation with the patient rather than his lab
Define biological perspective
Emphasizes the influence of biology on our behavior
What does the humanistic perspective stress?
The psychological view that assumes the existence of the self and emphasizes the importance
of self-awareness & the freedom to make choices
What are the other specialties of psychologists?
Environmental, industrial, organizational, consumer, forensic, and health