Anthropology Ch. 7

21 cards·by emarch

Domestication

Human interference with the reproduction of another species, with result that specific plants and animals become more useful to people.

Ecological Niche

any species way of life: what it eats, how it finds mates, raises its young.

Evolutionary Niche

Sum of all the natural selection pressures to which a population is exposed.

Nich Construction

When an organism actively perturbs the environment or when it actively moves into a different environment.

Agriculture

the systematic modificaton of the environments of plants and animals to increase their productivity and usefulness.

Agroecology

modified environment which becomes the only environmental whithin which domesticated plants can flourish.

Sedentism

the process of increasingly permanent human habitation in one place.

Animal Domestication

the capture and taming of by human beings of animals for mutual benefits.

Broad-spectrum foraging

substinence strategy baesd on collecting a wide range of plants and animals by hunting, fishing, and gathering.

Social Stratification

a form of social organization in which people have unequal access to wealth, power, and pretige.

Neolithic

The "New Stone Age," which began with the domestication of plants 10,300 years ago.

Egalitarian Social relations

social relations in which no great differences in wealth, power, or prestige divide members.

Social Stratification

form of social organization where people have unqual access to wealth, power, and prestige.

Occupational Specialization

specialization in various occupations or in new social roles like weaving or pot making.

Class

ranked group within society defined by wealth, occupation or other economic criteria.

Complex societies

societies with large populations, an extensive division of labour, and occupational specialization.

Monumental architecture

architectural constructions of a greater than-human scale, such as pyramids, temples, and tombs.

Grave Goods

Objects buried with a corpse.

Concentration of particular artifacts

sets of artifacts indicating that particular social activities took place at a particular area in a site.

Sherds

pieces of broken pots.

Blood Wealth

Material goods paid by perpetrators to compensate their victims for their loss.