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bio 100 exam 3
34 cards·by midnight_melon
Normal versus sickle-cell hemoglobin
Glutamic acid becomes valine; A becomes T
Heat
A type of kinetic energy contained in random motion of atoms and molecules
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate. Crowding of negative charges contributes to the potential energy
of ATP.
Chemical energy
Arises from the arrangement of atoms. Can be released by chemical reaction.
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate. ATP after it looses a phosphate group.
Chlorophyll
Light absorbing pigment molecule in chloroplasts. Converts solar energy to chemical
energy.
Chloroplasts
Light absorbing organelles. Photosynthesis happens here.
Why do leaves appear green?
because they selectively absorb light
Is photosynthesis limited by the concentration of CO2?
yes
Chlorophyll A
primary photosynthetic pigment. participates directly in light reactions. Absorbs mainly
blue-violet and red light.
Photosynthesis
The use of light energy to power a chemical process that builds organic molecules. The
solution to the second law
Redox reactions
Chemical reactions that transfer electrons from one substance to another.
four forms of energy
Heat (Molecules); Light (photons); chemical and mechanical (electrons)
entrophy
"useless" energy. Increases when order --> disorder. Always increases.
Products of glycolysis
2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
Cystic fibrosis
AR. Carriers exist. 2 carriers = 25% affected child.
Tay-Sachs
AR. Carriers exist. 2 carriers = 25% affected child.
Huntington's Disease
AD. No carriers
Achrondoplasia
AD. No carriers. 1 affected parent = 50% affected child.
Transfer of phosphate groups from ATP helps....
cells perform mechanical, transport and chemical work.
Transport proteins
Membrane proteins that help move substances across a cell membrane
Light reactions
Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy; this is converted to ATP and NADPH.
Light reactions take place in the___;Calvin cycle happens in the___
Thylakoids; stroma
ATP and NADPH are produced.....
in the thylakoids; are consumed in the stroma.
Is photosynthetic O2 production light dependent?
Yes
Protein synthesis
Transcription; RNA processing; amino acid attachment; initiation of translation;
elongation; termination
Start codon
AUG
Stop codons
UAA; UAG; UGA
Transfer RNA/tRNA
group of RNAs that transport AAcids to ribosomes to be made into protein.
Messenger RNA/mRNA
Carry blueprints to make protein from correct AAcids
Function of tRNA
Molecular interpreter; convert codons to AAcids.
NADH
Product of the transfer of electrons from organic fuel to NAD+
NAD+
positively charged electron acceptor.
Cellular respiration
the aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules