Additional Biology

47 cards·by olimyers1919

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What organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?

pancreas

What digestion reaction does amylase catalyse?

starch into sugars

What digestion reaction does protease catalyse?

proteins into amino acids

What digestion reaction does lipase catalyse?

lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Where are all of the digestive enzymes produced?

pancreas

Where is bile produced?

liver

What part of the brain monitors and controls body temperature?

thermoregulatory centre

What happens to blood vessels when the body gets too hot?

they dilate - allowing more blood to flow through the skin, and more heat to be lost

What happens to blood vessels when the body gets too cold?

they constrict - letting less blood flow through the skin, and conserving heat in the body

How do skin hairs help to insulate the skin against heat loss?

they rise, trapping a layer of air above the skin, helping to insulate it

What is the function of a DNA molecule?

carries the genetic code that determines the characteristic of a living organism

What are chromosomes?

long strands of tightly packed DNA molecules

How many pairs of chromosomes do human body cells contain?

What is the cell function of the nucleus?

controls cell activity

What is the cell function of cytoplasm?

site of most chemical reactions

What is the function of the cell membrane?

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

What is the cell function of mitochondria?

site of most respiration energy release

What is the cell function of ribosomes?

site of protein synthesis

What is the function of the cell wall?

strengthens the cell

What is the cell function of chloroplasts?

contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

What is the cell function of the permanent vacuole?

filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

What is the function of a leaf cell?

absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

What is the function of a root hair cell?

absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil

What is the function of a sperm cell?

fertilises an egg cell

What is the function of a red blood cell?

contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells

What is an adaption of a leaf cell?

packed with chloroplasts for absorption of sunlight

What is an adaption of a root hair cell?

large surface area

What is an adaption of a sperm cell?

tail moves sperm to egg

What is an adaption of a red blood cell?

thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily

What is diffusion?

the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy) = glucose + oxygen

What are the three limiting factors of photosynthesis?

light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature

Why is nitrate important for plants?

for making amino acids, which are needed to make proteins

Why is magnesium important for plants?

for making chlorophyll

What is caused by nitrate deficiency?

stunted growth

What is caused by magnesium deficiency?

leaves turn yellow

What process in organisms returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

respiration

What do detritus feeders do in the decay process?

eat dead animals

What do bacteria and fungi do in the decay process?

digest everything and release waste products

What organ filters urea from the blood?

kidneys

What hormones are released by the pancreas?

insulin and glucagon

What happens to glucose after it is removed from the blood by insulin?

it is converted to glycagon and stored in the liver

When your BGC falls below the ideal range, what does glucagon do?

makes your liver break down glycogen, converting it into glucose which is released back into the blood

List two methods of treating diabetes

insulin injections, avoiding foods rich in carbohydrates

What type of cell division takes place in normal body cells?

mitosis

What type of cell division takes place in the human reproductive organs?

meiosis

What sex is a person with two X chromosomes?

female