MCAT bio ch.1 eukaryotic cells

do not contain a nucleus

the wall that encloses the nucleus and nucleolus

the wall outside the cell

found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

cell membrane enclosing a semifluid cytosol

phospholipid bilayer

interacting w/ environments inside and outside of cell

helps provide a highly selective barrier bw the interior of the cell and external environment

allows for the diffusion of molecules

chromosomes

mitosis

nucleus

a double membrane that maintains a nuclear environment from the cytoplasm

in the nuclear membrane allow for selective 2 way exchange bw the cytoplasm and nucleus

DNA coding

what linear DNA is wound around

what linear strands are further wound into

nucleolus

contains inner and outer membranes, the power plants of cell

barrier bw the cytosol and the inner environment

contains the molecules and enzymes necessary for etc

numerous infoldings that increase the surface area available for etc

space bw the inner and outer membrane

space inside the inner membrane

the pumping of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space

fission

the transmission of DNA independent of the nucleus

anaerobic prokaryote engulfing an aerobic prokaryote

releasing enzymes from the etc

programmed cell death

are membrane bound structures containing hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down many diff substrates

release of enzymes in the lysosomal membrane prevent damage to the cell

is a series of interconnected membranes that are actually contiguous w/nuclear envelope

studded w/ribosomes which permit the translation of proteins destined for secretion

consists of stacked membrane bound sacs.

materials from the er are transferred to the Golgi in vesicles

the cellular products may be modified by various groups

cellular products are repackaged in vesicles which are transferred to the correct cellular location

when the product is destined for secretion, then the secretory vesicle merges with the cell membrane and its contents are released

contain hydrogen peroxide, which breakdown very long chain fatty acids.

provides structure to the cell and helps it to maintain its shape

microfilaments

microtubules

intermediate filaments

made up of solid polymerized rods of actin

are organized into bundles and networks and are resistant to both compression and fracture

the division of materials bw daughter cells

formed from microfilaments which organize as a ring at the site of division bw the 2 daughter cells

hollow polymers of tubulin proteins, radiate -- the cell providing primary pathway along which motor proteins carry vesicles

proteins that carry vesicles

projections from a cell that are primarily involved in movement of materials along the surface of the cell

structures involved in movement of the cell itself

cilia and flagella both composed of nine pairs of microtubules forming an outer ring with two microtubules in the center

where centrioles are found

they migrate to opposite poles of the dividing cell and organize the mitotic spindle

when the microtubules attach to the chromosomes

diverse group of proteins that are involved in maintenance of the overall integrity of the cytoskeleton

epithelial

connective

muscle

nervous

cover the body and line its cavities providing a means for protection against pathogen invasion and desiccation

absorption, secretion, and sensation

what epithelial cells are tightly joined to

functional parts of the organ

on side of the epithelial cells faces the outside world while the other interacts with underlying blood vessels and structural cells

the hollow inside of an organ or tube

have one layer of cells

have multiple layers

appear to have multiple layers due to diff in cell height but really only have one layer

cells are cube shaped

cells are long and thin

cells are flat and scalelike

supports the body and provides a framework for the epithelial cells

support structure for connective tissues

bone cartilage ligaments adipose tissue and blood