chapter 13

BLOOD

40 cards·by throbowski

Agglutination

Clumping of cells due to an antigen-antibody reaction.

Albumin

Protein in blood plasma and other body fluids; help maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood.

Anemia

Abnormally low level of hemoglobin or red cells in the blood, resulting in inadequate delivery of oxygen to the tissues.

Antigen

substance that induces an immune response.

Antiserum

Serum containing antibodies that may be given to provide passive immunity; immune serum.

Basophil

- Granular white blood cell that shows large, dark blue cytoplasmic granules when stained with basic stain.

Centrifuge

An instrument that separates materials in a mixture based on density.

Coagulation

Clotting, as of blood

Eosinophil

Granular white blood cell that shows bead-like, bright pink cytoplasmic granules when stained with acid stain.

Fibrin

Red blood cell, disk-shaped bodies with a depression on both sides

Granulocytes

show visible granules in the cytoplasm when stained

Hematocrit

Volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood; packed cell volume

Hemoglobin

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen

Hemolysis

Rupture of red blood cells

Hemorrhage

Loss of blood

Hemostasis

Stoppage of bleeding

Leukemia

Malignant blood disease characterized by abnormal development of white blood cells.

Leukocyte

White blood cell.

Lymphocyte

Agranular white blood cell that functions in acquired immunity

Megakaryocyte

Very large bone marrow cell that gives rise to blood platelets.

Monocyte

Phagocytic agranular white blood cell that differentiates into a macrophage

Neutrophil

Phagocytic granular white blood cell

Plasma

liquid portion of the blood

Platelet (thrombocyte)

Cell fragment that forms a plug to stop bleeding and acts in blood clotting

Serum

Liquid portion of blood without clotting factors; thin watery fluid

Thrombin

Clotting factor in the blood needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin.

Thrombocytopenia

Deficiency of platelets in the blood

Transfusion

Introduction of blood or blood components directly into the bloodstream of a recipient

Erythr/o

red, red blood cell

Hemat/o

-blood

Hemo

blood

Kary/o

nucleus

List the functions of the blood

Transportation, Regulation, and Protection

Identify the main components of plasma

Plasma is 55% of blood. Water and Protein. Albumin, clotting factors, antibodies and complement .

Name and describe the three types of formed elements in the blood, and give the functions ofeach.

Erythrocytes- Red Blood Cells (RBC) Carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin; also carry some carbon dioxide and buffer blood. 5 million

Describe the formation of blood cells.

red bone marrow from hematopoietic cells, which is located in the ends of long bones and in the inner portion of all other bones

What are four types of substances transported in the blood?

Gases, nutrients, waste and hormones.

What is the pH range of the blood?

7.35 to 7.45

Characterize the five types of leukocytes.

Neutrophils-phagocytosis Eosinophils-Allergic reactions; defense against parasites Basophils-Allergic reactions; inflammatory reactions Lymp

Define hemostasis, and cite three steps in hemostasis

Hemostasis is the process that prevents blood loss from the circulation when a blood vessel is ruptured by injury. Step 1. Contraction of th