Computer Graphics Introduction

shit

are graphics created using computers and the representation of image data by a computer specifically with help from specialized graphic hard

computer graphics

almost everything on computers that is not text or sound

computer graphics

types of computer generated imagery

2D, 3D, animated graphics

are mainly used in applications that were originally developed upon traditional printing and drawing technologies such as typography.

2d computer graphics

is created through the use of raster graphics software, where images are edited on the pixel level.

pixel art

are made up of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors, which describe an image according to its geometric character

vector graphics

best choice for artwork

vector graphics

are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data.

3d computer graphics

is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers.

computer animation

are electronic snapshots taken of a scene or scanned from documents, such as photographs, manuscripts, printed texts, and artwork.

digital images

• Series of small “cells” • Displays black, white, gray or color • Common term used on printers

dots

• Picture Elements • Series of small “cells” • Displays black, white, gray or color

pixels

the ability to distinguish fine spatial detail.

resolution

represented by pixels consisting of 1 bit each

bitonal image

determined by the number of bits used to define each pixel.

bit-depth

refers to a setting for digitizing bi-tonal images at which gray pixels will be interpreted asblack or white.

threshold

is the range of tonal difference between the lightest light and darkest dark of an image

dynamic range

– narrower dynamic range

greater number of tones represented

is calculated by multiplying the surface area of a document (height x width) to be scanned by the bit depth and the dpi2.

file size

Formula to get file size

(H x W x Bit-depth x DPI^2)/8/1024

used to reduce image file size for storage, processing, and transmission.

compression

is a way of estimating a value of a given pixel, based on knowledge about the surrounding pixels.

interpolation

consist of both the bits that comprise the image and header information on how to read and interpret the file

file formats

• Widely used as the cross-platform and archiving format • Supports up to 24-bit color • Lossless • For Master Images

TIFF (tagged image file format)

• Used for displaying colored images • Supports up to 24-bit color • Lossy Compression • For Derivatives

JPEG (joint photographic experts group)

• Most popular image files delivered via the web • Ideally suited for displaying in all browsers • Can allow 8-bit images only • Can support

GIF (graphics interchange format)

3 kinds of GIF

interlaced, transparent, something else

• Alternative for GIF format with some added features • Can allow up to 48-bit image • Can support transparency of an image • Lossless

PNG (portable network graphics)

• Color is defined by just

hue, saturation, brightness

is the term used to name the actual color you’re looking at.

hue

 The human eye has special receptors called

cones

: red, green, and blue.

additive model

cyan, magenta, and yellow

subtractive model

Colors exactly opposite of each other on the wheel are

complementary colors

defines the purity of a hue

saturation

– It’s the term used for how light or dark is the hue in question

brightness

is a way to numerically describe color on computers.

color space

is simply the entire range of color within a given color space.

color gamut

which means that the value is cut off

clipping

• Your computer monitor is capable of displaying a total of

16,777,216

• The number of distinct settings you have for color mixing are commonly called

levels of gray

• In Photoshop Elements terms, the three hues your monitor displays (red, green, and blue) are called

channels

is a fancy term for the method Photoshop Elements uses to display and print your image.

color modes

• This is an ancient color mode in the computer world.

index color

is a 1-bit file format.

bitmap

is the color mode used for traditional printing press reproduction of color images.

CMYK