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Bio Exam #2
83 cards·by Mirandajean
All living things have a _ and _
Metabolism and self-pereptuation
The scientific method
observation, question, hypothesis, controlled experiment, conclusion, and theory
discovery (descriptive) science
Observations and measurments
deductive reasoning
specific facts
inductive reasoning
general conclusions
falsifiable
can be rejected
archaea
does not have oxygen, has a high temp and a high salinity
eukarya
protist, fungi, plantae, animalia
taxonomy
groups organisims into categories
dear king phillip came over for good spaghetti
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
biodiversity
total of all organisims and genetic info
isotope
have the same number of protons but different neutrons
ionic bonds
forms between oppositely charged ions
covalent bonds
two atoms share electrons to complete the valence shells
chemical reaction
when compounds are chemically changed
polar
the unequal sharing of electrons
hydrogen bonds
polar molecules are attracted to each other
hydrophillic
water loving
hydrophobic
water dreading
cohesion
water molecules cling togeather
adhesion
water molecules adhere to polar substances
solvent
the dissolving agent
solute
the dissolved substance
acid
donates ions
base
accepts ions and removes them from the solution
buffer
keeps the PH within a given range
inorganic chem
chem of the non living world
organic chem
chem of the living world
to be organic the molecule must contain _ and _
carbon and hydrogen
carbohydrates are...
enegy sources, and store energy
condenstaion
combines monomers to form polymers
phospholipids surround...
the cell
proteins
communicate to hormones, defend and transport
cell theory
all organisims are composed of cells and cells come from pre existing cells
the cell wall
surrounds the plasma membrane
cilia/flagella
provide motion
cilia/flagella
provide motion
pili
is used for attachment
smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
synthesize lipids
rough ER
modify chains
vesicles
transport/ store substances in a cell
intermediate filaments
supports the nucleus and the plasma membrane
adhesion junctions
form cell sheets
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed
2nd energy law
energy is lost when changing forms
induced fit model
undergoes a change to acomodate a substance
cyanide
blocks ATP synthesis
penicillin
inhibits the bacterial enzyme
degradative pathways
breakdown molecules to small ones
atp contains _,_ and _
ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups
reactant
substance that enters metabolic pathways
transport protein
assists a solute across a amembrane
concentration
number of atoms in a volume
ATP is,
energy
glycolysis converts
glucose to 3-carbon molecules
aerobic uses
oxygen
anarobic does not use
oxygen
what are the three main stages of aerobic respiration?
glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport phosphorylation
the ETC
assists in ATP production
each turn of the krebs cycle
= 1 acetyl coa and 2co2
oxygen deficit
fermentation occurs in muscles while working out
what does fermentation pathways start with ?
glycolysis
the complete break down of glucose yields
36 ATP
what is cellular reproduction
Reproduction of unicellular organisims
Binary Fission
how prokarotic cells divide
cell reproduction involves
cell division and growth
growth duplicates
the cells of dna
cell division seperates
the dna into two daughter cells
chromatin
thin strands of uncoiled dna and proteins
centromere
contains dna and its copy
interphase
prepares for cell division
g1 phase
the cell grows
S phase
dna replication duplicates chromosomes
g2 phase
cell prepares for division
mitosis
dna division
ctokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
prophase
duplicates chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks up
metaphase
chromosomes line up at the equator
anaphase
sister chromatids seperate and move to opposite poles
telophase
nuclear envelope reforms
contractile rings
contracts cell surface inward until cytoplasm is divided
plant cells have
cell plates
animal cells have a
clevage furrow