319 True False

post-gastric fermentation provides large quantities of microbial protein to the animal because it occurs prior to the small intestine

methane (CH4) produced by rumen microbes provides energy for ruminants animals

cellulolytic bacteria (fiber digesters)function optimally at a higher pH than amylolytic bacteria (starch digesters)

monogastric animals can never be herbivores

secretin stimulates the secretion of gastric secretions

rennin is important for coagulation of milk proteins in young animals

coagulation of milk proteins allow nutrients to enter the small intestine more rapidly for faster digestion and absorption

forage digestion produces the acetate that is the major energy source for rumen papillae growth

sucrase is present at high levels at birth in ruminants

forage digestion produces the acetate that is the major energy source for rumen papillae growth

in the rumen, fermentation of one glucose molecule has the poetential to yield two molecules of propionate

vitamin K acts as free radical scavenger in cell membranes

vitamin E activates blood clotting factors

retinol is an active form of vitamin A

pantothenic acid is an essential component of FAD

niacin can be synthesized to some extent from tryptophan

the active form of biotin is coenzyme A

the active forms of thiamin are NAD and NADP

one active form of vitamin D is cholecalciferol

cobalamin requires the secretion of intrinsic factor from the stomach for absorption

the active form of B6 is pyridoxal phophate

cobalamin and folate interact and are both important in preventing megaoblastic anemia

bone mass peaks at birth, and can never increase thereafter

blood levels of phosphorus are controlled by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D

a deficiency of manganese can result in grass tetany

chloride is the primary extracellular cation

potassium is the primary extracellular anion

sulfur is used by rumen microbes during the synthesis of methionine

Ferrous (+2) iron is an important component of hemoglobin and myoglobin

Ferric (+3) iron is an important component of the thyroid hormones

copper deficiency can be induced by feeding relatively high levels of molybdenum and/or sulfur

choline is an essential component of NADP

pellagra is the deficiency disease associated with riboflavin

beriberi is the deficiency disease associated with niacin

alpha-tocopherol is a fat-soluble anti-oxidant

pyridoxal phosphate is used in aminotransferase reactions to synthesize non-essential amino acids

folic acid deficiencies during early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects

sulfur is absorbed in micelles and transported in the blood by lipoproteins

chromium improves insulin function when fed as a component of "glucose tolerance factor" (GTF)

selenium is an essential nutrient for ATP production from the electron transfer chain

selenium is an essential nutrient for ATP production from the electron transfer chain

phosphorus has an extremely narrow safety margin between the amounts in a diet that cause deficiency and the amounts necessary to cause toxi

as the environmental temp increases above the lower critical temp of an animal, their energy requirements increase proportionally

more metabolic water is produced from oxidation of proteins than from oxidation of fats

sensations of thirst are most easily disrupted in newborns and geriatric animals

on a body weight basis, ruminants drink more water than monogastric animals

water intoxication is due to rapid ingestation of water following a period of water deprivation

water palatability increases linerally with increase total dissolved solids

monogastric animals have a much lower tolerance for high levels of total dissolved solids than ruminants

nutrient requirements for reproduction are greatest in early gestation and decrease as pregnancy progresses to delivery

the term "growth" refers to the accumulation of fat as animals age