Soc Test 2

theories of deviance that are concerned with trying to explain why it occurs

serious crimes punishable by a year or more in prison

geographic areas that are controlled by corp. rather than the nation-state in which they exist

deals with whether the pop as a whole will be less likely to commit crimes b/c of fear that will be punished/imprisoned for crimes

crimes that stem from the fact that victims are in various ways different from, and disesteemed by the perpetrators

indiv who accept cultural goals but reject the conventional means to achieve success

soc engagem. that involves 2 + indiv who perceive and orient their actions to one another

contends that a deviant is someone to whom a deviant label has been successfully applied

minor offenses punishable by imprisonment of less than a year

indiv/groups who define an act as moral outrage and who lead campaign to have it defined as deviant & to have it made illegal

widespread, disproportionated reaction to a form of deviance

assoc with syndicated organized crime, which uses violence a & corruption of public officials to profit from illegal activities

either an illegal offense against the state to affect its policies, or an offense by the state, either domestically or internat'lly

early, nonpatterned acts of deviance/ an act here or there that is considered strange or out of ordinary

indiv who reject traditional means & goals and substitude nontraditional goals & means to those goals

repitition of criminal act by one who has been convicted for an offense

indiv. who reject cultural goals & traditional routes to their attainment; have completely given up on succes within sys

indiv who realize that they will not be able to achieve their goals, but they nonetheless continue to engage in conventional behavior

indiv who threaten to, or actually do, enforce the rules

deviant acts that persist, become more common, and eventually cause ppl to organize their lives and personal identities around deviant statu

process by which group or society enforces conformity to its demands & expectations

those who label a person as deviant

theory that focuses on the reasons why ppl do not commit deviant acts such as social control and the stake ppl have engaging soc behav

whether the experience of punishment in general makes it less likely that crime will be committed in future

characteristic that others find, define, & label as unusual or deviant

idea that discrepancy b/w larger structure of society & means available to achieve what soc considers value produces strain & causes devianc

word, gesture, or object that stands for something (a "label")

threat of injury/ threat or actual use of force, including murder, rape, robbery, & war crimes

process aimed at increasing diversity & = opportunity by taking race & other minority group factors into consideration

dispersal, typically involuntary, of a racial or ethnic pop from its trad homeland & over a widespread geographic area

unfavorable treatment of black Americans & other minorities, either formally/informally simply b/c of race

removal of minority group fro territory by forcible ejection thru military or "voluntary" emigration due to majority's harassment

active, systematic attempt at emiminating an entire group of ppl

when one race subordinates another more on the basis of dominant ideas, esp abt cultural differences, than thru mat'l constraints

law/judicial ruling that classified persons with even one nonwhite ancestor, or a nonwhite ancestor as black or colored

race-based discrim that results from day-to-day operations of soc institut & soc structures & their rules, policies & practices

group in dominant position on dimensions of wealth, power, & prestige

where more than 50 & of pop is part of minority group

group in subordinate position in terms of wealth, power, & prestige

set of ideas & texts produces by the West that served as basis to dominate, control & exploit the Orient & its many minority groups

est. by dominant gropu of policies that allow or require forcible removal of ppl of another ethnic group

typically group defined on basis of some cultural charact. such as language, religion, tradition

sense, shared by members of group, of belonging to & identifying with a given ethnic group

many groups able to exist in society without any of them losing indiv qualities

involves negative attitudes, beliefs, & feelings towards a minority

social def. based on some real or presumed physical, bio charact. such as skin color as well as shared lineage; more abt what ppl define

involves defining group as a race & attributing negative characteristics to that group

physical & soc separation of majority & minority groups

exaggerated generalization abt an entire category of ppl

includes array of racist ideas, racial stereotypes, racialized stories & tales, images, powerful racial emotions & inclinations to discrim.

fear of immigrants

makes it clear what level of income ppl need in order to survive

pos in strat sys are based on accomplishments of indiv

pos in strat sys are based on certain characteristics that one is born with

most rigid/most closed sys of strat, usually assoc with India

generally involves settlers as well as much more formal mechanisms of control over georaphic areas than imperialism

need to distinguish oneself from others

movement within one's social class

control over geograph areas w/out creation of colonies

amt of money person ears in given year from job plus various types of assets

fact that some positions in soc yield great deal of money status & powers and others do not

difference b/w parent's soc class pos & the pos achieved by their child

movement up/down strat sys in one's lifetime

changes in people's work either across or within generations

era in once-colonized areas after the colonizing power has departed

threshold, in terms of income, below which a house is considered poor

ability to get others to do what you want them to do, even if it is against their will

concern for how some people, irrespective of income, are or feel poor relative to others

sys in which people defined as property

one's economic position in the strat sys, especially one's occupation, which strongly determines one's income & wealth

ability to change oneself position in social hierarchy

hierarchial differences & inequalities in economic positions, as well as in other important areas, esp political pwer & status or social hon

exists when ppl have similar positions in strat sys on class, status, & power; they rank high, med, or low on 3 dimensions

exists when ppl occupy positions on one dimension of strat that are different, perhaps very different, from their positions on other dimen.

effect of changes in larger society on the position of indiv in strat sys, esp the occupational structure

lack of sexual desire

set of ideas about characteristics of women that accomodates the interests of men & to patriarchy & involves compliance of females

involves increasing number of women who do low status, poorly paid manual work

involves increasing partic. of women both in global formal & informal paid labor force

increasing # of women falling below poverty line

social dist & def; is based on what are considered appropriate physical personality characteristics

set of ideas about charact. of men that focuses on interests & desires of men & is lined to patriarchy

school's unofficial rules, routines, & structures thru which students learn behaviors, attitudes, & values

person with both sets of genitalia

sexual acts of domination

unwanted sexual attention that take place in workplace

who one desires sexually

generally known ideas abt what one ought to do and not do as far as sexual behavior is concerned

ways in which ppl think about, & behave toward, themselves & others as sexual beings

birth sex does not match adult gender

change in genitalia