Components of Long Bones

the long shaft of the bone

extreme end at each end of the bone

a hollowed interior of the shaft where yellow bone marrow produces fat cells, or red bone marrow produces blood cells

lines the marrow canal

softer bone in the interior where blood vessels can easily distribute their nutrients to the bone cells

outer, tougher bone giving bone its strength

tissue covering the epiphysis in a thin layer of cartilage

improved coordination, respiration, circulation, and joint movement; elimination or reduction of excess fat; strength is increased

the muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs; the muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limb

muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limb and muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limb

muscles that position the pectoral girdle, that move the arm, that move the forearm and hand; ex- and in- trinsic of the hand and fingers

originate on the axial skeleton, and insert on the clavicle and scapula

originate on the pectoral girdle and the thoracic cage, and insert on the humerus

primarily originate on the pectoral girdle and humerus, and insert on the radius, ulna, and/or carpals

primarily originate on the humerus, radius, and ulna, and insert on the metacarpals and phalanges

perform fine movements; originate primarily on the carpal and metacarpal bones

those that move the thigh, the leg, extrinsic ones that move the foot and toes, and intrinsic that move the foot

originate on the pelvic region, and typically insert on the femur

originate on the pelvis and femur, and insert on the tibia and/or fibula

originate on the tibula and fibula, and insert on the tarsals, metatarsals, and/or phalanges

originate primarily on the tarsal and metatarsal bones, and insert on the phalanges

the direction of applied force

produced by muscles whose action lines cross the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint

produced by muscles whose action lines cross the posterior aspect of the shoulder joint

produced by muscles whose action lines cross the superior aspect of the shoulder joint

produced by muscles whose action lines cross the inferior aspect of the shoulder joint

produced by muscles whose action lines cross the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint

produced by muscles whose action lines cross the posterior aspect of the shoulder joint

flexion and extension; adduction and abduction; medial and lateral