Science Vocabulary Chapter 5

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Heredity

passing of traits from parent to offspring

Allele

a different form a gene may have for a trait

Genetics

the science of how traits are inherited through alleles passed from one generation to another

Dominant

the form of a trait that appears to dominate or mask another form of the same trait

Recessive

the form of a trait that seems to disappear when a dominant trait is present

Punnet Square

A tool that shows how genes can combine used to predict the probablity of types of offspring

Genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism for a trait

Homozygous

an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

Hetrozygous

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Phenotype

a phsical trait that shows as a result of an organism's particular genotype

Incomplete Dominance

production of a phenotype as an offspring that is intermediate to the phenotypes of its 2 homozygous parents

Multiple Alleles

having more than 2 alleles that control a trait

Polygenic inheritance

occurs when groups of gene pairs act together to produce a specific trait

Sex-linked gene

an allele inherited on a chromosome

Pedigree

a diagram that shows the occurence of a trait in a family

Genetic engineering

biological and chemical methods to change a cell's DNA sequence to produce desirable traits or eliminate undesirable traits

Genome

a map of the location of individual genes on every chromosome of an individual