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Psychology
002
49 cards·by Juanagarcia18
002
Definition of deductive reasoning
logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that
are generally assumed to be true
Definition of synaptic pruning
to the process by which extra neurons and synaptic connections are eliminated in order to
increase the efficiency of neuronal transmissions
The difference between visual perception and visual imagery.
Visual perception occurs while the stimulus is still present, where visual imagery consists
of visual representations created by the brain a
Define critical thinking
The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements on the basis of
well supported reasons.
Why do babies respond to pictures books before they learn to talk?
The visual system is mostly in the occipital lobes and develops before they verbal system.
What is Skinner’s belief on language?
He believed that language is acquired through principles of conditions, including
association, imitation and reinforcement.
Study the bell shaped curve
This represents the distribution of values, frequencies, or probabilities of a set of data.
What would be the IQ of a child who is 10 years old but a test score of 14 years old?
IQ=MA/CA x 100 MA= mental age CA= calendar age =14/10 x 100 = 140
Define prodigy
Is someone who is so naturally talented at something that they become a master of that
particular skill as a child
Define Savant
A person affected with a mental disability
What is the conclusion reached by researchers regarding creative insights ?
Insights occur in the right hemisphere rather than the left, and creative people solving
creative problems show more balanced activity betwe
What did researchers find when association tests were administered to either the right or
left fields of participants?
When the problem was presented in the left visual field and processed in the right hemisphere,
insight into the problems occurred frequently
Savant Syndrome
Condition in which a person with a development disability demonstrates profound or
abilities far in excess of what would be considered norma
display rules
e social groups informal norms about when, where, and how one should express emotions
A person’s chances of losing weight will increase if the individual incorporates this?
Changes in self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and body image.
. Understand concept of need to excel
Needs that reflect interpersonal aspects of motivation, such as the need for friendship or
achievemen
extrinsic motivation
Motivation to perform specific behaviors to achieve promised outside rewards to avoid
punishment from others.
Understand the concept of perceived organizational support
Organization value their contribution and cares about their well-being
Which brain structure is most likely responsible for having empathy for others.
Insula
What two body system are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Research on specific components of type A and cardiovascular disease reveals that
Specific measures of hostility positively correlated with the degree of arterial blockage
and other cardiovascular conditions much more so t
Foods high in fiber and low in fat help protect against?
Colon Cancer
What is the benefit of inflammation in affecting the wound?
Increased tensile strength of wound tissue
What is the action of norepinephrine
Is a chemical released from the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress
Mathew’s research regarding connection between Type A personalities and heart disease?
Hostility was a factor that predicted death from heart disease,.
What is the true of the personality dimensions species.
Horses high in neuroticism are most susceptible to pain
What is characteristic of personality traits?
Personality is organized and consistent, it causes behaviors to happen, personality is
psychological, but is influenced by biological needs
Definition of superego
The component of personality composed of our internalized ideals that we have acquired from
our parents and society.
What is meant by a “high threshold for anger”?
It takes a lot to make someone angry
What is true about the role of personality traits in the survival of a species?
Hypersensitivity to threats is usually deliberating and disruptive to everyday
functioning
What is Alfred Adler’s theory regarding defense mechanisms?
Unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect itself from anxiety by denying and
distorting reality in some way
.How did Freud define projection?
People deny particular ideas, feelings, or impulses and project them onto others
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Short-term psychological treatment
How do meditation-based therapies function
By mindfulness- based therapy
What has been the view for years dubbed the “dopamine hypothesis"
Schizophrenia resulted from an excess of dopamine in the brain
Systematic desensitization operate
The therapist pairs relaxation with gradual exposure to a phobic object, generating a
hierarchy of increasing contact with the feared object
How do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work?
By making more serotonin available in the synapse
What is a purpose of the use of the DSM-5?
to assist trained clinicians in the diagnosis of their patients' mental disorders as part of a
case formulation assessment that leads to a f
Auditory disorder
A variety of disorders that affect the way the brain processes auditory information.
Which brain circuit works overtime in obsessive-compulsive disorder?
The brain circuit that connects the anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, and limbic
structures
Dispositional attributions are also known as internal attributions
Person is likely to behave similarly in other situations
What is the tendency of in-group/ out-group bias?
The tendency to show positive feelings towards people who belong to the same group as we do, and
negative feelings towards those in other gr
Define a social norm
Rules about acceptable behavior imposed by the cultural context in which one lives
Definition of altruism
Selfless attitudes and behavior towards others
ho wrote about the differences between internal and external attributions?
Fritz Heider
What is the effect of experimental stress induced to animals?
Kills neurons in the hippocampus which can lead to symptoms of depression.
Identify the “dopamine hypothesis” .
A theory that proposes a biological cause of schizophrenia.
What are some abnormalities associated with bipolar disorder?
Biochemical, genetic, and environmental elements that contribute to the disorder
hat are the characteristics of avoidant personality disorder?
By extreme fear of being criticized, low self-esteem, and avoidance of social interaction