BIOL 196 Exam #2 Chapter 5

Hydrophilic region is the phosphorus containing "head" of the phospholipid it's electrically charged and associated w/polar water molecules.

The long nonpolar fatty acid "tails" of a phospholipid associate w/ nonpolar materials, do notdissolve in water or deal w/ hpilic substance

lack exposed hydrophobic groups who are not embedded in the bilayer.

are least partly embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. (Have hydrophobic + hydrophilic regions)

An integral membrane protein that extends all the way through the phospholipid bilayer and protrudes on both sides.

consist of a carboyhydrate covalently bonded to a lipid.

consist of one or more short carbohydrate chains covalently bonded to a protein (Oligsaccharides,15 monosacs in length)

When biological membranes allow some substances to pass through them, but not others.

when a substance moves from one side of the membrane where it's concentration is higher to where it is lower.

requires metabolic energy, substance must be transported from where the concentration is lower to where it is higher.

is then process of random movement to the state of equilibrium.

the process of where a substance passes through the membrane without aid.

water molecules pass through specialized channels in membranes by a type of diffusion process (osmosis).

a solution has higher solute concentration than the other solution.

solutions have equal solute concentrations.

a solution has lower concentration than the other solutions.

are integral membrane proteins that form channels across the membrane through which certain substances can pass

some substances can bind to membranes proteins (they speed up their diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer).