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World issues

globalization and sustainability

65 cards·by nwaites
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Bioderversity
a living variety of species of plants, animals, and microoganisms in a natural community or habitat
Carrying capacity
maximum population size of a given species that an area can support without decreasing its ability to support that same species in future
Ecosystem
A Community of living things and its non-living environmental surroundings
GDP- gross domestic product
Total value of goods made and services given within a country in one year
Kyoto protocol
a document setting goals for greenhouse gas reduction and establishes trading in developed countries
Gini Index
a measurement of how evenly wealth is distributed among classes in society
birthrate
# of births in a country for every thousand in the population
deathrate
# of deaths in a country for every thousand people in the population
Dependancy load
% of a countries population who are under 15/over 65 that must be supported by the independent, working population
Emigration rate
# of people who permanently leave the country
Immigration rate
# of people who permanently move into a country
Infant mortality rate
# of children who die in there first year of life for each 1000 births
life expectancy
average lifespan a new born will have
Natural increase rate
difference between the birthrate/deathrate of a country
Net migration rate
Difference between the immigration rate and emigration rate
Population growth rate
the rate a countries population is changing
Population pyramid
A graph that Summarizes the age and sex Structure of a population
Total fertility rate
Average # of children each woman will have in their fertile years
Replacement rate
Total fertility that would produce a natuaral increase of zero
Doubling time
rule of 70: an estimate on how long it would take for a countries population to double
Famine
Temporary faiure to food production in a certain region leading to starvation and disease
Malnutrition
A diet that includes too much/too little of one or more nutrients over an extended period of time
undernutrition
a lack of nutrients
Starvation
to suffer from a total lack of energy and important minerals
Sustainability
Development that meets the needs of todays society without harming future generations
biotechnology
the application of biological processes to agriculture and industrial purposes
infrastructure
Facilities/istitutions that allow a society to function (transportation, education)
United Nation
an organization that seeks to unite countries and prevent war
stages of demographic transistion
4 stages that identify the phenomenom of population changes in a country over time
green revolution
2nd half of 20th century; high-yeilding crops of wheat/rice leading to increased yeilds. Has positive/negative ecological/economic impacts
Rostow stages of developing economically
traditional society, precontions to take-off, take off, drive to maturity, and age of high mass consumption
Traditionsl society
no technology, farm labour, not much trading
Precondition to take-off
a beginning to developing manufacturing, accumalation of wealth
Take-off
short stage, workers use machinary, more concentrated with new industry
Drive to maturity
long stage, standard of living increases, use of tech. increases
Age of high mass consumption
developed stage, economy rises, knows how to work with technology
China
Country with the largest population, one child policy
Japan
Country with the lowest population
Cash crop
a crop grown for sale rather than personal use
WTO
world trade organization
FTAA
trade agreement america
FTAA
trade agreement america
World bank
funding agency
GMO
genitcally modified organisms
OPEC
orgnization of petroleum exporting countries
CIDA
Canadian International development agencies
HDI
human development index
HIPC
highly indebted poor countries
NAFTA
north american free trade agreement
OECD
organization for economic cooperation and development
NGO
non-governmental organization; world vision, red cross ect..
Marshall plan
an american program where monetary aid was given to help rebuild the european ecomomies and prevent communisim
Jubilee approach
aims to forgive money owed by 50 poorest countries and focuses on the needs of the debtor rather than creditors
HIPC approach
decides if any of 41 poorest countries should get debt reduced after successfully completing a 3-stage program (PRSP)
Marx theory
population growth encouraged by wealthy so people can be hired and fired easily
Malthus
population will grow faster than food and population will remain sustainable due to external checks. ei war, disease
Catton theory
Tech. will not keep population from growing. People will become extinct as population grows
Linkola philosher
the best think for the planet is mass death of humans-we should not prolong life because it cause problems
Ehrlich
If a population can not sustain itself with its own resources it is over populated. eg wealthy countries have less people but over use
Bougue
all societies are capable of regulating their populations. Humans are able to forsee catastrophe and take adaptive action
cornucopian theory/expansionist
tech will make new resources to replace natural depleting resources and population will survive
Limits-to-growth theory
computer based model prediction based on current trend. natural resources will finish and renewables will be polluted or overused
spaceship earth concept
we must change the way we live because resources have no where else to go. running out of space
Eco-logical world view
carrying capacity can only frow at expense of environment. relationship btwn humans/nature
Gaia hypoyhesis
humans are overwhelming the earths natural regulatory mechnisms. earth will fix itself