Science Vocabulary Chapter 4

18 cards·by christamathew5

Mitosis

the process by which a nucleus divides into two identical cells, each containing the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Chromosome

Threadlike strands of DNA and protein in a cell nucleus that carry the code for the cell characteristics of an organism

Asexual reproduction

A type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from one parent.

Sexual reproduction

A type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced by combining sex cells from two parents

Sperm

The gamete or reproductive cell from the male parent in the testes.

Egg

In organisms that produce sexually, the sex cell from the female parent.

Meiosis

The division of the cell nucleus to produce sex cells.

Fertilization

In organisms that reproduce sexually, the fusion of an egg and a sperm.

Zygote

In organisms that produce sexually, the cell that forms in fertilization.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid; a chemical in the nuclei of cells that codes and stores genetic information

Gene

The segment of DNA on a chromosome that directs the making of a specific protein, thus controling traits that are passed to offspring.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid; carries codes for making proteins

Mutation

any permanent change in an organisms genetic material.

Gametes

are sex cells; they are known as egg and sperm

Diploid

chromosomes are paired

Haploid

have 1 chromosome from each pair

Oogenesis

female meiosis

Spermatogenesis

male meiosis