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Chapter 16
blood
81 cards·by ary123
how much plasma is in blood ?
55%
what is in plasma?
water, nutrients,hormones,gases,waste products & proteins
how much formed elements in blood?
45%
which formed element is a rbc & transports O2, with no organelles & anucleate?
Erthrocytes
which formed element is immune function & only complete cell?
Leukocytes
which formed element has to do with blood clotting?
platelets
what is used in fixating blood smear & histology slides?
Wright Stain
which granulocyte is 50-70% & is bacteria slayers?
Neutrophil
which granulocyte is 2-4% & fight off parasitic worm?
Eosinophils
which granulocyte is < 1 % & histamine?
Basophil
which agranulocytes is 25% & warriors of the immune system & T & B ?
Lymphocytes
which agranulocytes is 3-8% & macrophages?
Monocytes
when was abo discovered?
Karl Landsteiner
When Did Karl Landsteiner?
1930
which antigen goes with blood group A?
A
which antibodies does blood group A have?
B
blood group A can receive blood from?
A & O
which antigen goes with blood group B?
B
which antibodies does blood group B have?
A
blood group B can receive blood from?
B & O
which antigen goes with blood group AB ?
A & B
which antibodies does blood group AB have?
none
blood group AB can receive blood from?
A, B, AB, O
which antigen does group O have ?
none
which antibodies does blood group O have?
A & B
blood group O can receive blood from?
O
what is an allele?
one or two more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same pace
on a chromosome
what is type of example is phenotype AB?
codominance
when was RH blood types found?
1940 by Karl & Alexander
what is dd?
Rh-
Rho-GAM shot ?
prevents the Rh- mother from making antibodies during her pregnancy
mother fetus incompatibility ?
when a pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh- & is exposed to Rh+ blood from her fetus leading to
the mother developing Rh antibodies
blood leaves heart by ?
arteries
oxygen and nutrients enter?
tissue
carbon dioxide & waste move?
from tissue
oxygen deficient blood leaves heart &
realeases CO2 & pick up O2
oxygen rich blood enters
heart
body fluid tissue?
blood
characteristics of rbc?
no nuclei or organelles, filled with hemoglobin, gas transport
characteristics of wbc?
complete cells, bacterial or viral
characteristics of platelets?
helps seal breaks in blood vessels
1 hemoglobin =
4 O2
hematocrit ?
& of RBCs out of total blood volume
what does blood look like?
sticky & metallic
what is bloods ph?
7.35-7.45
what is the temperature of blood?
38 C (100.4) F
how much does blood weigh?
8%
how many liters of blood do males have?
5-6L
how many liters of blood do females have?
4-5L
what does blood do ?
transport gases & nutrients, carry hormones from endocrine glands to target organs
how do red blood cells obtain their energy to carry out cellular functions?
hemoglobin, spectrin, ATP is generated, biconcave
what is the average maximum number of days a RBC can live?
100-120 days
1st stage of making a rbc or wbc?
ribosome synthesis in early erythroblast
2nd stage of making a rbc or wbc?
hemoglobin accumulation in late erythroblast & normoblast
3rd stage of making rbc or wbc?
ejection of the nucleus from normoblasts & formation of reticulocytes
what are the factors for the release of erythropoietin?
decreased oxygen available, increased tissue demand, hypoxic are present, decreased rbc
where do we see iron stored in the body?
Hb (65%) in the liver, spleen & bone marrow
hemorrhagic anemia?
acute or chronic loss of blood
hemolytic anemia ?
prematurely ruptured erythrocytes
aplastic anemia?
decreased # of rbc due to destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow
iron deficiency anemia?
inadequate intake or iron impaired iron absorption
perniclout anemia?
deficiency of vitamin B12 need for absorption of B12 treatment is intramuscular injection by
B12
thalassemias anemia?
absent or faulty globin chain
sickle cell anemia?
defective gene coding for an abnormal hemoglobin called (Hbs)
intrinsic pathway?
trauma inside the vascular system and is activated by platelets. its slower. FXI FIX FVIII
extrinsic pathway?
interaction with tissue. VII/ VIIA , FVII/ FVIIA
bacteria slayers. 50-70%
Neutrophils
parasitic worms. 1-4%
Eosinophils
0.5% histamine
Basophil
25%. T & B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells
immune response
B cells
give rise to plasma cells
4-8%. largest. differentiate macrophages
Monocytes
anemia
blood has abnormal low O2 carrying capacity
leukemia
cancerous conditions involving wbcs
why would we use "packed" rbcs instead of whole blood to treat most anemia?
if the patient has either, a lot of blood loss or anemia. it has more oxygen, plasma will thicken
blood
what are cytokines & what are our greatest sources of cytokines?
any # of substance that are secreted by certain cells of the immune system
hemophilias
hereditary bleeding disorders caused by lack of clotting factors
A hemophilia
83% of all cases due to a deficiency of factor
B hemophilia
result from deficiency of factor
C hemophilia
mild type caused by a deficiency of factor