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Chapter 14 Biology
Chapter 14
27 cards·by cwrider
What can be determined by looking at a pedigree?
To determine if an allele is dominant or recessive.
What structures do you see on a karyotype?
Homologous chromosomes
What information can be gathered?
You can determine if a person inherited a normal number of chromosomes.
Why is colorblindness more common in males than females?
It's a recessive allele located on the x chromosome.
Define Barr body
An inactive x chromosome that is condensed and located in a female cell.
What are the sex chromosomes found in males/femals?
Males= XY Females= XX
What do the shapes on a pedigree chart represent?
Circles=Females Squares=Males
Define nondisjunction
Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.
What is the problem with the protein hemoglobin in a person with sickle cell disease?
A different sequence of amino acids creates a mishappen protein.
Which alleles are co-dominant in the human blood type?
The IA and the IB alleles
Where are the sex genes located?
On the sex chromosomes.
How many copies of the sickle cell disease must a person have to actually have it?
2 copies because it is a recessive trait.
A person who has blood type O has which alleles?
2 recessive alleles; ii
Describe what a pedigree is
A diagram that follows the inheritance of a single gene through several generations.
Define DNA finger printing
A method used to identify people based on the fact that no 2 people have the same sequences
unless they are identical twins.
Where are the color vison genes located?
On the x chromosomes.
What happens to the protein CFTR in a person with cystic fibrosis?
The protein will be folded improperly.
The allele combinations that create various blood types:
IAIA & IAi= A ; IBIB & IBi= B ; IAIB= AB ; ii=O
What would the first step in gene therapy be?
To identify the faulty gene that is going to need to be replaced.
The last step in mapping the entire genome was done how?
By looking for overlapping regions between DNA fragments.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes. 23 pairs.
Is the Huntington's disease caused by a dominant allele?
Yes.
Is it possible to be born without an x chromosome?
No.
What is the goal of the Human Genome Project?
To analyze the human DNA sequence.
What is a method to try to treat genetic diseases?
Gene therapy.
What causes sickle cell disease?
A small change in the DNA of a single gene.
How are people tested for genetic diseases?
By doing a DNA sequence.